Francis Byarugaba vs Republic (HC Criminal Appeal No. 251 of 1977) [1978] TZHC 182 (11 April 1978)

HT r:::=s ,.:re-.:= .c:ori::1 1 o· ·, ;_- 1 A::ZA 1 IL .N_f_l ~ •:rA:,ZL P. ... F?I,J.:1 1 .rE Jll}1ISDIC;JIOTT nrm-: COUET CRT L:LL APP:;-_':_AL IT0.335 OF 1:)77 ORIGETAL CRI TJ.:':.L Ci:.SE ::0. 2Sl or 1977 OF '.r!:::z DIWr::rr:c~.i · crnr-· O:i:' :SIYE.R/:.-·uLC DIS'.I 1 l.ICl 1 1/r DrU;.PJi. UI,O i::,,...,:r-, nrc' • J ,-, Qr,.--. 7"' ·c;,,.., c· Di·.-- ·'·r1· c·t ··::- ,._ J. "' +rato .J_Jv.L ,_ ..,, 0 • .• • -'0'-'-c., ,, d.• S' 1..) l, ..... :..:.. ' .•-' V Fllit?:OIS :BYIl.trG_'J?J. • •••• o ••••••••••• a •• o •••• o • • • • • • • • • lP?J'=IJI•JI1C;~ versus . . • e o • • • • • • • a o o • • • • o • o • • o. e o • • • • • • •· • • • o • ~ • • Lccording to tho 0.vicJ.onco of -Ll1(~ only ''.:i tno:JG ,:.:110 ·i;o1Tc:i.f)c:c.l. o.n the prosecution oiclc 9 · Do·i;octi ve Constc-JJlG Jocly m1 lG·:11 Lnc,;u::;t, 1s·76 2,11ct· i.16t Gth .:UC,..lD"ii, 1S76 2,8: sho 1 .ill in the cha1-:co s}wr,·c; he ""'1Ci.. ~ a,:, t,.., c ·H vc C'c-rrye 'i"1;, Z-"'ro (r:·', 0 G 1· r 7 ·1 0..:.. i·•·., ,., +1· f·y' \ ,c·,,,1·'-: +o· c.;.•.,L c... 1..,.., _.. V-L. 1-..)".;".- u c .... L v .y ,,.t.... :. u. . . •.-·., U .J•.,i•·' u . ) ,, . ..-J. u v I.,yar.1.ch0l0 area, apprr:rcntly on duty •.. ;'s th0y :·,ppro-.cJ.i;:cJ. \711,:·i; turn:.::cl. out to l1c the houe;c, ff· on::; :'1'.i(Jchu..'1.gur'·, ·chcy s:-,x; r;o: i Y>('Oplo ]'•;•'!')• :,..,\a 7 '°'Y. +.t 1 1':T"'!·1.'·.t-"O··, ill,,... +1·i'O r.- 1 :-1-.·is ···11,-·:1 Yvcnt 1·;1·'L·r, '·t.,'-},r·. i:J, . . •• ..,J..!,. , , . V . ._. .,.. .I •• e .t.--'I..• V ,11.J.J.•. , __ 1 lJ . '-' J, ..,.1., . , I ...• s:--,id l-1.uuoc 9 :·,pp,runtly to sco wh:..,_t; r,;--B r'.!niss •. It W':'..8 t.J.1;::;11 :ch---:t J_ool [c,:-','.'. r .. \iiO;.l'.",11 nho tr' .. l"l18d Ol,·c to lJ:.: the :,prnllr .. n-c I S h:LL< ;·.nd · ono of. his co-'.'" .. ccucod• .:c -;_; ... c ·i,rj,:---,1 ::-.ncl tr:o r1on - the: '."-ppcll~'-rc ',i1d t.1.10 o·i;-h:-..:r ",ccusod f:.·c the: ·crit' .. l - sittin5 rotmd r .. _bic;- bo·ctl9 'ivllic:1 c ont:>,in.:,;d cone ::ubs·, .... ,;_1c-:-, R-:~Jio...:;:-J ·chio the :--,pp8Jl ---.:-t1·'.; Yi?,3 :.loo h0ldL1.c; ,..,_ bocT 1Jott1_, 1iic1 :--,1:.:io co.i::i:cr:i/1<,d. oonc,: 8L:.b8·1;'.'..ncc.:. '::'ho -PJ?::-..:llr:-·,.nt ;--,_;:id :1ic cor1.p,...11i0no woro ;--.,pproh:/ndo.cl-2.1.icJ_ ·ch(; -;,,.·,o · bottloD seized. ?or Don .. : mil,'.,.10,il1 rc'.'."..son only ·i;ho bear b(;1·i;·;lc . ... ,irl its COjJ_tcnts r,crc s:::rt; ·co t.1.:i.,:: Govcrj_l.:'.:;.1t Chc)i-..-:.icl l;-,b.:,r:cc 1 L-y ::·or '"''"·1yc.-•1· Cl' l)U .. L + 1 1<" b1·· 0 bo···-·-1· C) • .--,- • .,: 1· -:·r.• C()'1·t·c'n•l-,:-< OI'' J·•,r(•'· ..., :·10'',', . .'-]·."' • . ..J....V ~ a tJ l, vJ. .., [., ,_, L, ,... t. . ..J...L\A vu . .l ... , .., . Vu ·. L1.1., L, _c. ~ J. ..L l . vJ.J. ·'·)··,or"o·"· ·1,·r-y,r-. ,, .... + /.. --.r,;)01°·'· ,,·'11· c'· 1·,n,:, '"'Ub"'CrP 1 0·1•:·1•r 40 •dr>.,,..r.-,l ...,.ld U .. ..:.. v J. ,t oJ _ v _ v v • ,,..:.. .L - .'. l., , I .l .LL •. , .,..._J •.J > "1. v J ... u J' :11 .. _ •-·-'- -.. . .... u:L -:oc1r-11· .• .. c.,....c· 1· Il l'Cl'T<'i ,,..,..,,cc. ,..,.• .. , .. ,,,,, '·'-r1· "l ·(-c,•,r'1 A ) 1· ·1 rr:.up' 'r,A-'•' ..... ;-:- ·'--'16 . c;,v -... l.,-Ln,.,;: L 1.., v _,_U.vl. ""' u, L, {.l.--·. IJ o. ~ -•-J. • ? l - vu ..,,.v L I.,.,.·.. VJ.;.;• bC'Gr bo-tle E,howeO. tl",a·i.; i·'.; co.r1-Lain8d l:Lgu'or CQfiliJ.OnJ..y' 'biOYi1J. D..0 In his sworn. state .1c,m·i; in c.1efence the appello,n·i.i cl.011i0-c;_ be inc fo1,.1J.1d in posE;cssio;.1 o:: ·L:hc beer )o·c:-tl8 wljic..1 w2 .. :::: ·i.;cinclerucl collGcti vcly with ·tho bic; bo·c·:lf. as Exl10 B. Ace ordinc :;jO ·c.:.w appcll8..iJ.t he 78,:3 l.12,vinc; c;1, ,;.:.: .. P: ,.-i th hiG \7ife Yv'her.i. he i.:,a OL'..Ctdc=mly apprel1cnc1ecl by· so:r,1e tlir·ee as.l;:::.:,,ris. ;re, i.e. appellant? a:ncl his r,ife were t::1en 1102 .. r -he hcn:FJe of one Tii'iechtU1C1,liEi .&1C. ·c.'..f; · a c:,jrorJ' r.• nj· . .LC·1:··rs·'1..,· . ·a;:,l;ec 1 1 1· .. , 1 --·hy -)eoplc· " 0 '"-r"' .,....,.,n:i.·11·,..,,r ,";a,r ·"I"OJ"l O ,...,OJ t.;_; 7 a, l, l,. S 1.:J : .. . t. .LJ. :. ~ ,'l.J. 1 'V '-' .L di. .. ..1.J.c: c.).,'t, -..l J. ~ nwechm1e,u_ra 1 s hcrn.oe. _;.•;:i.en ho 2 .. pp2 .. re;.1tly 7 · failed· to 2U1sr;cr- ·cl.13 one of the as.karis tlle;1 orC.ercd him to s:i.ia.nd still Y1lle1 ... ea(i ·::hG others who inclucle<l a ,.:.:ili·i;ia .: 1 .3.n entered ,nvIGcJ:n,1 . .r10•.ra 1 c.; ·11ouoc. Later they Ccl..:u.8 out '::i th tvio bo·;:/cles which 1'7ere SlJ.bDe;qu,::o.tl;S' e ,1,1· lJJ· .. tr:>u.·'.) 1· n Co 1 1:r·_.i.L,. I·'· ,·.-,-,c, p·'·11· 1,..., ·t.,'·'·'"' !=1pr.,·,11a·1· 1 • "'"'1U 7 11· C" y·1· •1.'>r-i -- • - l.,. lJ \i• .. :.,luJ ,.l. - ... l;;, c,.)J. 1 v.,u..1.. 1. l,J I • . were :T:z..ncJ.ing still 1;illcn ·l;l1c c .. skar-io brouclrli the thiic1 .1)::nF.:ion ;j_th 1,r.;1 1 .1_0_·1_ ·'· 1 1e,- ,c·ere · c· 1 1a· ru,..,, 'C' -;- ·1..,'· 1 '"' ·'··1 .... ,· al , {J.l ./ I ,J. J. ., u--•.A. o., .. , J1t:; J____ • TJ.1.8 2,p1Y:lle..1ri:;s wife anc1 ·the othcJ'.' .l_)erson supported ·clK: appellant 1 3 ctory. :.t1e ls::,n1Gcl t:i. ... ial ragistrate foU11cJ. thG:c ·0l1c cmite.nts of the bi': b1)·ctls l1E,c1 1:10t been Go·cablishocl to he ::-oc.'.1in. Ue, th8rcf' ore 7 ace:: L:i.it·c·oc1. th(: :=1 .. p1Jell2ff1; 1 D wil'e ancl tL::.0 o·i;lier p:,:cson ·, 0··1· .. ·•-:1.,1· CJ rrro•1nc" A"' re-,ra-r.·ci ·-·: +)1,- . .;n'nell·:)n·'1..,· G 1 1G lea119cl .·'.-'l. 1 . l . t1J __ -: •-> ..:, 1..,, • .t. • J.lJ C.) .. ·-'· u .• _ ... ., er., J . .r: • ., l. ., _ l . L ...L c,.,_ :P/Iagio·ir2 .. tc cho::Jc to believe Joel ancl acce: ptcd. hiD utory ,,;i thout any rer::virvations. In no C.oL:2; ·che l8ar:nccl trie .. l ~ 7 ac;i::d;ra·cc v12,s .nind.e<J. to direct llj_1:1sclf in ·c1e i'ollc,y:·i.nc tcr,··1D a.ncl I c11,10·c0 frot1 lJ.iS. j1.· 1 .f1.G~.'-1C!1J.~t :-

2 11 The Polic,~ E,rR tho ar-::.1 of ··1;J_11; 18,\i and protectors 0 -r- i· 1 ,0 r; r•l1·'· -,,cl ....,,.,c,·,,,..1' ·'·y o·" ...... , . ., pr..onlr) . ..1.. J.,.._-..,: -UJ. V Ch.!.'. -- 1::> ~ · .., v'.....L. l.J .. J.. l,L.i.V V .t-'· ,., cons ti tl,1.:cionally o.s·:;abliohecl for tl10s0 purpm:G::::; and. so I do no· ooc .hor; ·cl:3Y could only hl 1 J1.t for ··'.1·;,.,,•1-0~·"'1"·!, r,a·,, -:•ri 'J·,·11·Jll'c~··u·"' li',-,c-• ::111' 1 l 0 '"lJ'uc·•·'u·1·c•'"·r· on ..!,J.! . V '""'.' . l v ;1"'..l. , ..... v ,./ .-·····J; C.v V . .., ;;.J c..., __ V. J, : 1..J ,.., •..> ·- '·ili" -., al o·~ 0' .I..,.,.-, ..-., ·'· -° C ·'·<:< ii •, J . .i. U. ., .i..!.t:.J l,.1,.._ .... , I ,,J V . l,.:> e '.':hile ,:idi ·iSs: r;:Lth··rCH.ll:JGCt? :hcre1Jy'con.coclcd ·chat ·c.:).C clu:cy Ol nc.•J.·1 as]...,.J..,l· F 1 •811 rrJ· -.:Ti .t'lfJ' f·Vl. r: 0 1·1cc 1· 8 ·i;o aSGi ';-C ·'u·he i':01:·r-· 1 • 1°-.L': ,t .. '...L...- . , .J. .,._ , LJ _ \ •·- , (.. ., , .,,J,. ,.. , , l. , -• I •• .-. "-" ... lJ .,_ 2,scer:;ai.i.:i.ing thCl :Lwto a trial CouT·: is n0n0tl1el3ss 1,::rc ab::iolvc<l .Cl . • -1-r- ·l ·'· i- ~ ,. . r· .-.J 1 _141 -, • :, ... e ; .... ~ .. I. _,: c1l ~~~'"'·· .LrO,). l,,0·1..UuY uO .ciCrllullll,.;O c.:, __ l,,18 CVlCi.CJ1C·r IJ.Llc..'-u 0.L a, ... .'.c.•,.L.LS inclnde<J., addi.cec.1 before j-t; r,ith ut.i'lost care. ·•o -his c::.1<1 it n.cy :not be in.pGr·i:;inon:i:; E.t tl:.:.io. juncture ·co note tl:.at in acl :.i·?,·,;ing ·t;i1iu c\P.Z)al to hoar-inc .c.iy l3a1.·.nod brot.:.,.8r 7 r.ur-;akinc;i.ra J. i• nirm .. ;•:;c-; -t;;l.uc ancl I CJ·u.ot8 ~ - :;To consider ccref·ully v;l1eth8r the app8liant 1 f.-'l c oL-:.ld ·be the ·t;rr1.o ;Jtory. '.7hy wero tb.8. accr' .. :.;;sc1 ncrc. chc.reecl l'.Iltil Luc; 1977 wht:m the Cl'l.8. ·,1j_ct 's re_poit r,;as e,:i.vei1 in Dc:t. 1J7G ?" L1 his defence ·c.:1e a_px~:i_l.:\·c told tht~ trial .Court t.:,;:::c tho prosocution acain.r:;t hiD. in th~ cc,..::.:: wc,c wi thdrewn. -1:;b.rec-, ti:1.o::;c. ,. One o:c the oc.casions ,;;o,s 0:.1. 7. 3. 77 but he Has · re-arrestc:,.a. anc.1 charged 0:.1. 31/5/77. 0:..: tlic :fi:;2al occasion l1e. 'sas told by ·chc arrec·:;inc; oificers o:i.1e Jassai,:,'.) s - tl1at l1e? 8.IJl).ellant y,·as 1J::i.nr 5 2.x'res-ecl baco..-use 11.:: 1a ... cl ttno ·Ctta11!.;:s. ;; r-t f;cec.io tl-18 leaTI:ed public pro38CL:.tor E.:ouc:.:xb to C.lallcnr;c t.h..8 appellant 1 0 all;.;e;Ed;i'on .Lh··- ;'):r,)C'-e ...... 1,·'·1· o·, l-,-:-.-)·l.,L 0·1 1 )(••;,°, ·; ,·,1· ·'·],ar-- 0 ,···1 '?,::r-:->1,'n· ..-,Jl.,_ 1 ·1·li·- ·1 l'JV ""l 1 ,r,.,.·,,c,-1'·i11g l.,. u IJ ....., • ._ J l,; .-. lJ_ .... L . .s.:i..-1_ l.. I .• .J...·-L'"J .. lJ...... c,..,dl. <..:"'1....."')c.,,i,., ., l u u .. t.h .. .Jv,.-J _,... . , in cross-e:-.co.:1Lla.'tio1. 'lil:ia·:, thin 1-;ac; b-Jcaun( o:t ·clle clsJ_ay in rec ""1'v1··1rr J.l, 1 ""' GO" 1 8TI"'.1C"l''l· r: 1 ,"':- 1 1'c•· 1 • 1 ··' report rn 1 1e '·-,:,')T)e·11°-.,·'.- Q,,.,:.,.L~.-:,rl·_ , I,,:;, J. t_-, .l~- r V,., •.. ll I,. I './..£.'-"· ·. 1.;_lJ U . •• • _ .. J. l,...,.l .1. •. C,4,,.! •. L \I V.•.;.. .,V_ this arnl aclclecl. that t.b.c, pu:7JJ.ic proscc;:i..tor hi::.1:Jelf tolcl · >.in. ·cho..t the s<:du. report ha.cl bee~.1 rcce:dved .vmy bo,ct: in. ···ove.\•lbcr 7 -1S76. Thcre:r ore in -·arc::. 1 . 1C;77 ,:.>e.n prosocL-1.:cioD. c\30.:i,.i1ct' · hi:-,. Wc...c ·:;ithc1rev:n t.hG "i:olice llcvl lo,;.1(_;,h2.G. tho Cl1e.-).i:Jt 1 s r2por·c r;i·cl 1 . t.h8•1 .• Scprio-t f'.::lr t 1 ,,.. ap1Y'll "''r'L" Ir• :-•·1;0°-·v 01• ·i:;'.-.ir' ac- o-:>c· 1 ·, of -:-1v:, cr:r•:'· i :: • • 1. --: .L : J..L...., _. C..v.: . .l I 1.). - 1 -:- r::;J ·-;·· 1 --·-· •-' · J: '-; l. • ,J . • .,):.., ..,, - t- 5::i. ven by no leolnr a docur1:.:crc ·":_.1a11 ,110 Cll0r,11::H' ,:;;. re port rc::i::l:L, E:i::h. r.A:;, rihich is datetl ')t.h Oc·cobor 1976 •. Anci no·c only ·cl1c.v1{ 1 tho 02>1e · r0por-c al:,,o bear:J a:.1. endorcP.:.-·•l').i.ri:; of 2. J:l:ij1uto ·l;o -:..10 :t O ,ri ,ri J. D ii -r-or ,,,.,cec-or:•--r"y r,·c·'u·1· c·-'. r·,' 1 1· ,., 1· r, ·f·o110,c·,:,,u 7 1 )'T ,.., •\Ja » ,,. -•·• e ..L .- ., . .,.....,. '-'•y-.,- G:. . J.L.la •J. ... ...:i ~ •• , 1/- I J C., :JignaturG ancJ. a dato ~ n·2c/10/7G: 1 • VOV\ the qucoi.;j_on i;-;; i:c the no11· .-.p ,··er ("l· 1 "'re ·o·-=· + 1 ·n1·· r .'.:•,....c-'-rs ,:··-l. 1 y di' Q:,·-116·'- "')roccl•:).d· ---]· ,,, ,l_.:,lC !. I,.;.; ,,. 0 U, J. \JJ.J.v J.<,;•. l.,,:., ti.'... ... l., .l:· ,v \1 •• i.J!.L l1:., 9 TT • ~ • ' ' ' 'l n,,) ·· · l 1°77 case. . .. lcar1ng cG.u. no·Li CO' :· 1 .c_;1cc w1·c1 u·c .1 .,3 p-,;cm Jcr, ::,, .• A ··10·'· '·1 1• r· ] 0 ,,, ·'·er",, J. ] 0 ,- ,., --, ""' ;y; C .• .. o•r ·' 1 11· ,-:-< C ':1 ° r, 1· 0 _;_11'' ·'- . DCC 01··a." 1· '1 '' .(1.1 . l,.!, • • .J.l. d ., u,V _J;.l;_r, {.,-,1:.) ..r:--· ,• V -'- l!J., IJ c.,.,1...;,.., U I,; c.. t_. • .!. L~) to tllc prosccv:bion own cv:,.clonco 'th8 o.,_pp8lia11·t; Ymc _arrcc,tccl. a-t a. house other ·chEm Jtis oWi".. Ace orcli.i:'1C ·Go tho appcll2xtt th:: ovv11.er o:[ the house i.::1 quo: .. ·i:;:i. r.m is O:i.1O :Rvvechw.1cura. I:f co ·t;hcn RwechL:.n.c:;-i.,,_ra or· tho ormcr of tl1G. oaid hocss 1 wh2:ccver Vi8.8 ·cJ.::.o. case, must hav2 l)cen the .seller oi t:10 1 -•.oslli' or the peir:jor. Hho r,1..'!.r.-d; have prQvidcd it. In; the, circw1.:;·i:;a11ces if t.l1c proscct.'!.·:,.;imi o·:;nr-y Viorc true one w01u.d. ho:vc 01::gc·ctc·cJ. tho Police to bring R.Viecll1..mc~-:r-a forwarC.. Rv;cc~::un.:;1.1ra:r ho';tGv·::c~ · cli<l not appear aG a, r;itnecs t:,r· ai1. a·ccused. In the :ZiJ.1a1 rcc1..:lt; .tJ-i.L; ar,_p3al Sl1.ccocd2.. Th2 conv_iction v'vhic1 wan Eot s1:i..1;port0d by tl . .1.8 :::?.c p:.,;.blic 1 • in any way, is qua::Jl10c1 ana. the sc;1.te;1.cs ic; ss· · a:-;ic.1.0. r·c is h2roby cU.r8cted. ·c.:.10:c tm1cGs l \ -·r, b"''. lol" 01. r,o·,·· _1_l10·-, 1-i,:--r:; l l"' ....... ,,·- ·r, ·-t.J .... r n-. -11~ ·'· -1 .. , ... . ,1C l,.:, ,. inc 1 . __ o. I s). :. a,; Cl ~•l ~.I. 0,l'L_L 1U C .1.c,I gs.:, . l, .... •:.: c-,._pp., __ u.Il l., f.',J.101,:...LU be set at li 1Jor·cy -l'or:i;lrv..-:i.·c.:::-.. · - · ..... /3

3 I'or the avoidance c:: dou.:rt 7 in case t]:;,:! 2,pp--:: 0 .llar;:(; st 1 .bc·.: g:1_,·;;:j:cly ps,ic.1 -c;:i,---: f:i_ns the sa:1.e o>.onlc1 be 1~8Lund.ocl to hin. Delivorca. 1972'. l . ,.., .l-'- JUDGE