Ali Vua Ali vs Suwedi Mzee Suwedi (Civil Appeal No. 72 of 1998) [2002] TZCA 15 (31 May 2002)

IN THE COURT OF APICAL OF TANZANIA AT PAR ( GOIcAM: p ^ C T A j , £ ? J.A_V . RAMADHANI, J .A .j LU3UVA, J . A . , And LUGAKJftGIRA, J . A . ) CIVIL APPEAL NO. 72 OF 1993 BETWEEN ALI VUAI A H . . . . .................... APPELLANT AND SU V.EDI M Zi?JE £iU V .'JdD I . . . . . . . RESPONDENT (A p p ea l from th e d e c i s i o n o f the High C ourt o f Z a n z ib a r a t Vuga) (D ourado , J .) d a te d the 25 th day o f M arch, 1997 in JiP£?.aA J L ° •. Jj?9 6 R U L I N G LUGAKINGIRA, J .A .,; T h is a p p e a l a ro s e from p r o c e e d in g s commenced in a d i s t r i c t c o u r t in Z a n z ib a r . Leave t o a p p e a l was d u ly gra n ted in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s . 5 ( 1 ) ( c ) o f the A p p e lla t e J u r i s d i c t i o n A c t , N o. 15 o f 1979j b u t i t was con ten d ed f o r th e a p p e lla n t th a t th e a p p e a l d id n o t rsequips 3 . c e r t i f i c a t e o f the H igh C ou rt on a p o in t o f law in term s o f s . 5 (2 ) ( c ) o f the s a id A c t . The r e s p o n d e n t 's s i d e ta k e s a d i f f e r e n t v ie w . In o r d e r f o r the a p p e a l t o p r o c e e d t o h e a r in g , a F u ll Bench o f th e C ourt was t h e r e f o r e con ven ed t o d e c id e w hether a p p e a ls in m a tte r s o r i g i n a t i n g in th e d i s t r i c t c o u r t s o f Z a n z ib a r r e q u ir e c e r t i f i c a t i o n on p o in t s o f la w . The b a s i s o f the d is p u te i s t o be found in th e c o n f l i c t i n g d e c i s i o n s o f the C ou rt on the s u b j e c t . In Iiohanied I a r i s s a Mohamed X?- Ayoub Ja.ku / 1 9 9 3 / TLR 280, d e c id e d on November 25, 1993, the C ou rt s t a t e d th a t th o se a p p e a ls d id n o t r e q u ir e th e High C o u r t 's

2 c e r t i f i c a t e on a p o in t o f law b eca u se th ey " / d o / n o t f a l l under P a r t I I o f th e Z a n zib a r M a g is t r a t e s ' C o u r t s .A c t , 1985«" That P a r t p r o v id e s f o r the e s ta b lis h m e n t, s e t u p , j u r i s d i c t i o n and pow ers o f p rim ary c o u r t s in Z a n z ib a r . However, s i x y e a rs l a t e r on December 3 , 1999, the C o u r t, w ith ou t r e f e r e n c e t o the above d e c i s i o n , r e f u s e d 't o e n t e r t a in an a p p e a l in F a tuma Id h a S a l im v . K h a lifa Khamis S a id , C i v i l A p p eal N o. 71 o f 1998, f o r l a c k o f a c e r t i f i c a t e . The C ou rt s a i d : Kule 89 ( 2 ) c f the C ou rt o f A ppeal R ules c l e a r l y makes i t n e c e s s a r y f o r a t h ir d a p p e a l t o be accom pan ied by a c e r t i f i c a t e , o f the High C o u r t, w hether o f Z a n zib a r o r the M ainland, th a t a p o in t o f law e x i s t s f o r the d e te rm in a tio n o f the C ourt o f A p p e a l. T h is d iv e r g e n c e o f p o s i t i o n s , we th in k , may be e x p la in e d on h i s t o r i c a l re a s o n s bu t i t seems d i f f i c u l t t o j u s t i f y on th e p r e s e n t $> s t a t e o f th e la w . At i t s en actm en t, A ct N o. 15 o f 1979 d id n o t e x te n d to Z a n z ib a r and i t s c r e a t u r e , the C ou rt o f A p p e a l, d id n o t e x e r c i s e j u r i s d i c t i o n in Z a n z ib a r . S e c t io n 5 (2 ) ( c ) o f th e A ct p r o v id e s t h u s : (2 ) N o tw ith sta n d in g th e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b j e c t i o n (1 ) - ( c ) no a p p e a l s h a l l l i e a g a in s t any d e c i s i o n o r o r d e r o f the High C ourt in any p r o c e e d in g s

3 under Iiead ( c ) o f P a r t I I I o f the M a g is t r a t e s ' C ou rts A c t , 19£>3 i u n le s s the High C ou rt c e r t i f i e s th a t a p o in t o f law i s in v o lv e d in the d e c is io n o r o r d e r . At th a t tim e and u n t i l 198^+, the term ••High Court'-- meant “ th e High C ou rt o f th e U n ite d R e p u b l i c ,1 - and r e f e r e n c e t o the M a g is t r a t e s ’ C ou rts A c t , 19b3 (r e p e a le d and r e p la c e d by the M a g is t r a t e s ’ C o u rts A c t , 198 * 0 , was r e f e r e n c e t o the M a g is t r a t e s ' C ou rts A ct o f M ain lan d T a n z a n ia . Head Cc) o f P a r t I I I o f the M a g is t r a t e s ' C ou rts A ct p r o v id e s f o r th e a p p e lla t e and r e v i s i o n a l j u r i s d i c t i o n o f the H igh C ou rt in r e l a t i o n t o m a tters o r i g i n a t i n g in p rim ary c o u r t s in the M a in la n d . A c c o r d in g ly , i t i s common ground th a t a c c o r d in g t o s . 5 (2 ) ( c ) , a c e r t i f i c a t e on a p o in t o f law i s r e q u ir e d in m a tte rs o r i g i n a t i n g in prim ary c o u r t s in th e M a in la n d . The M ainland M a g is t r a t e " s C ou rts A ct a l s o s e t up a t h r e e - t i e r system o f c o u r t s . At the bottom i s th e p rim ary c o u r t , e s t a b l i s h e d in e v e r y d i s t r i c t and e x e r c i s in g j u r i s d i c t i o n in th e d i s t r i c t in w hich i t i s e s t a b l i s h e d . A pp eals th e re fro m l i e t o th e D i s t r i c t C o u r t, th e n ce d ir e o -t ly t o the High C o u r t. A lo n g s id e d i s t r i c t c o u r t s a re c o u r t s o f r e s id e n t m a g is tr a te from w hich a p p e a ls s i m i l a r l y l i e t o th e High C o u r t . The e f f e c t o f t h is system i s th a t an a p p e a l t o t h is C ou rt in a m a tte r o r i g i n a t i n g in a p rim a ry c o u r t on th e M ainland i s a t h i r d a p p e a l. I t i s f o r t h is re a s o n th a t P u le 89 (2 ) o f th e C ou rt o f A p p ea l R u le s , 1979 (com pare a l s o P u le 6k (k) in c r im in a l m a t t e r s ) , in p r o v id in g f o r th e docum ents t o be in c lu d e d in the r e c o r d o f a p p e a l, a d d s; ...A

k and in the ca se o f a t h i r d a p p e a l, / t h e r e c o r d / s h a l l c o n t a in a ls o c o r r e s p o n d in g documents in r e l a t i o n t o th e se co n d a p p e a l and the c e r t i f i c a t e o f th e High C ou rt th a t a p o in t o f law i s i n v o lv e d . R ule 89 ( 2 ) , t h e r e f o r e , n o t o n ly e ch o e s th e req u irem en t o f s . 5 (2 ) ( c ) , b u t a l s o has in co n te m p la tio n the system o f c o u r t s on the M a in la n d . H ence, in s o fa r as the M ainland i s c o n c e r n e d , th e r e i s n o t h in g am biguous a bou t the e x p r e s s io n --th ir d a p p e a l , b u t i t i s a c o r r e c t d e s c r i p t i o n o f' an a p p e a l in a m a tte r o r i g i n a t i n g in a p rim ary c o u r t . A c t N o. 15 o f 1979 was e x te n d e d t o Z a n z ib a r v id e the C o n s t it u t io n (C o n s e q u e n tia l, T r a n s it io n a l and Temporary P r o v i s i o n s ) A c t , N o. 16 o f 198 ^ , w ith e f f e c t from March 1 , 1985 * W ith t h i s e n a ctm en t, th e C ou rt o f A ppeal g a in e d j u r i s d i c t i o n in Z a n z ib a r , the assu m p tion o f j u r i s d i c t i o n b e in g f a c i l i t a t e d by amendments t o A ct N o. 15 o f 1 9 7 9 . The term -H igh C o u rt" was r e d e f in e d in a r e c o n s t i t u t e d s . 3 (1 ) t o mean "th e H igh C ou rt o f the U n ited o f Tanzaoiia o r th e High C ourt o f Z a n z ib a r , as the ca se may b e . " T h is i s t o s a y where r e f e r e n c e i s made in A ct N o. 15 o f 1979 t o th e High C o u r t, i t means the High C ou rt o f Z a n z ib a r in r e l a t i o n t o m a tte rs from Z a n z ib a r . T h e r e fo r e , th e c e r t i f i c a t e r e q u ir e d under s . 5 ( 2 ) ( c ) i s , in the ca se o f Z a n z ib a r , t o be is s u e d by th e High C ou rt o f Z a n z ib a r . The problem i s w hich a p p e a ls from Z a n z ib a r r e q u ir e th a t c e r t i f i c a t e . . . . / 5

U n t il 19 S 5 th e j u d i c i a l s e t up in Z a n z ib a r was dom inated by a system o f p o p u la r j u s t i c e founded in the P e o p l e 's C ou rts D e c r e e , N o. 6 o f 1969 * P e o p le :s C ou rts had f u l l and e x c lu s iv e j u r i s d i c t i o n in a l l c r im in a l ca s e s (e x c e p t f o r th e o f f e n c e s o f m urder, a ttem p ted murder and m an slau gh ter w hich were t r i b l e by the High C ou rt) and c i v i l m a t t e r s . A ppeals th erefrom l a y t o the High C o u r t. The D ecree was r e p e a le d by the M a g is tr a te s * C ou rts A c t , 1985* e n a c te d by th e Z a n z ib a r House o f R e p r e s e n t a t iv e s . The A ct s e t up a f o u r - t i e r h ie r a r c h y o f c o u r t s w ith p rim a ry c o u r t s a t the b o tto m , then d i s t r i c t c o u r t s , and r e g io n a l c o u r t s from w hich a p p ea ls l i e t o the High C o u r t . W h ile on th e M ainland d i s t r i c t c o u r ts and r e s id e n t m a g is tr a te s * c o u r t s a re p a r a l l e l , in Z a n z ib a r a p p e a ls l i e from d i s t r i c t c o u r t s t o r e g io n a l c o u r t s . The e f f e c t o f t h is i s th a t an a p p e a l t o t h i s C ou rt in a m a tter o r i g i n a t i n g in a p rim ary c o u r t in Z a n z ib a r i s a fo u r t h a p p e a l and an a p p e a l in a m a tter o r i g i n a t i n g in a d i s t r i c t c o u r t i s a t h i r d a p p e a l. I t i s a p p a r e n tly due t o a r e l i g i o u s commitment t o num bers, an a s p e c t o f the R u les b u t n o t the p r i n c i p a l l e g i s l a t i o n , th a t Fatum a's ca s e was r e j e c t e d b eca u se i t was a t h i r d a p p e a l w ith o u t a c e r t i f i c a t e on a p o in t o f la w . M r. M bw ezelen i who a p p ea red f o r th e resp on d en t s u p p o r te d the d e c i s i o n in Fatt ’^rna!,s, ca se and a rg u ed th a t th e a p p e a l was r i g h t l y r e j e c t e d f o r non com p lia n ce w ith R u le 89 ( 2 ) . He sou g h t t o b u t t r e s s h is argument w ith r e f e r e n c e t o s s . 76 and 77 o f Z a n z ib a r 's C i v i l P ro ce d u re D ecree (C a p . 8) and the d e c is io n o f the High C ou rt o f Z a n z ib a r in Yussuf Sule^jaan Taibu v«. Juma Jjiraa, C i v i l A p p ea l N o. 15 o f 19&7. We w i l l r e v e r t t o th e s e p r o v is io n s and t h i s d e c i s i o n l a t e r . I t i s o n ly n e c e s s a r y to s t a t e h ere th a t c o u n s e l f o r the a p p e l l a n t , D r. Lamwai, d is a g r e e d and su b m itte d th a t g o in g by the amendments t o A ct N o. 15 o f 1979» a t h i r d a p p e a l on the M ainland c o r r e s p o n d s t o a fo u r th a p p e a l from Z a n z ib a r , th a t d i s t r i c t c o u r t s

in Z a n z ib a r were f o r th e p u rp ose o f th e A ct on the l e v e l aa~ r e g i o n a l c o u r t s y and th a t s , 5 (2 ) ( c ) t a r g e t s a p p e a ls i n prim a ry- s o u r t p r o c e e d in g s o n l y . I f R u le 89 ( 2 ) were c o n s tr u e d t * a p p ly t o a p p e a ls in d i s t r i c t c o u r t p r o c e e d in g s en th e I s l e s , th a t vwuld r e s u l t i n - a s u b s id ia r y l e g i s l a t i o n -o v e r r id in g th e p r i n c i p a l l e g i s l a t i o n . T here i s m e r it in D r. Lam wai's argu m en ts. I t i s a t on ce c l e a r

• t h a t t h e .p o s i t i e n taken in Fatuma’.s ea se and the p o s i t i o n taken by * M r. M b w ezelen i, • v e r lo o k th e e x t e n t and e f f e c t o f the amendments to A ct N o . 15 o f. 1 9 7 9 . In f a c t Mr* M bw ecelen i c o n fe s s e d t o b e in g unaware o f A ct N o. 16 o f 1984 w hich in tr o d u c e d th e se amendments. , - A p a rt from r e d e f i n in g c e r t a i n term s, th e r e was added t o s . 3 a s u b s e c t io n (2 ) in th e se te rm s:. ( 2 ) F or the p u rp oses o f t h is A c t , r e f e r e n c e t o any p r o v i s i o n o f any p r o c e d u r a l o r s u b s t a n t iv e enactm ent a p p l i c a b l e t o M ainland T an zan ia s h a l l be c o n s tr u e d t o in c lu d e r e f e r e n c e t o a l i k e o r s i m i la r p r o v i s i o n o f a. c o r r e s p o n d in g p r o c e d u r a l o r s u b s t a n t iv e enactm ent o f the House o f R e p r e s e n ta tiv e s a p p l i c a b l e t o Z a n z ib a r in r e l a t i o n t o the m a tte r t o w hich th e form er enactm ent ■ ■ r e l a t e s . S e c t i o n 5 ( 2 ) ( c ) o f the A ct makes r e f e r e n c e t o th e p r o v i s i o n s o f th e M ainland M a g is t r a t e s ' C ou rts A c t , th a t i s , Head ( c ) o f P a r t I I I t h e r e o f w hich p r o v id e f o r the a p p e lla t e and r e v i s i o n a l j u r i s d i c t i o n o f th e . High C ou rt in r e l a t i o n t o m a tte rs o r i g i n a t i n g in prim ary c o u r t s . The p r o v i s i o n sa y s th a t an a p p e a l a g a in s t th e d e c is io n o r o r d e r o f the

7 High C ou rt in. th o se m a tters w ould n o t l i e u n le s s the High C ourt c e r t i f i e s t h a t - a p o in t o f law i s in v o lv e d in the d e c is io n o r o r d e r . The c o r r e s p o n d in g enactm ent o f the House o f R e p r e s e n ta tiv e s a p p l i c a b l e t o Z a n z ib a r i s th e M a g is t r a t e s ’ C ou rts A c t , 1985* A d m itte d ly th e r e i s no p a r t o r head o f a p a r t in th a t A ct th a t co m p re h e n siv e ly d e a l w ith the a p p e lla t e and r e v i s i o n a l j u r i s d i c t i o n o f the High C ou rt o f Z a n z ib a r in r e l a t i o n t o m a tters o r i g i n a t i n g in prim ary c o u r t s , A few p r o v i s i o n s s i m i la r t o th o se in Head ( c ) , P a r t I I I o f the M ainland A c t , show up h ere and th e re in the Z a n z ib a r A c t . However, p r o v i s i o n i s made f o r m a tte rs o r i g i n a t i n g in p rim ary c o u r ts in P a r t I I t h e r e o f . We a re o f th e view th a t in view o f th e p r o v is io n s o f s . 3 ( 2 ) c i t e d a b o v e , r e f e r e n c e in s . 5 ( 2 ) ( c ) t o Head -(c) o f P a rt I I I o f the M ainland A c t i s t o be c o n s tr u e d t o in c lu d e r e f e r e n c e t o P a r t I I o f t h - Z a n z ib a r n e t as h e ld in Mohamed I d r i s s a ( a b o v e ) . As p o in t e d o u t e a r l i e r th e d e c i s i o n in jfo t 'uina 's ca se-w a s re a ch e d on th e b a s is o f numbers and w ith o u t r e f e r e n c e t o Mohamed I d r i s s a . The argument went l i k e t h i s : R u le 89 ( 2 ) r e q u ir e s a t h i r d a p p e a l t o be accom panied w ith a c e r t i f i c a t e on a p o in t o f la w ; an a p p e a l from d i s t r i c t c o u r t * p r o c e e d in g s in Z a n z ib a r i s a t h i r d a p p e a l; t h e r e f o r e , an a p p e a l from d i s t r i c t c o u r t p r o c e e d in g s in Z a n z ib a r r e q u ir e s a c e r t i f i c a t e on a p o in t o f la w . I t i s n o t a q u e s t io n o f num bers, th ou g h , and A ct N o. 15 o f 1979 does n o t r e f e r t o f i r s t , s e c o n d o r t h i r d a p p e a l. The " t h i r d a p p e a l-• phenomenon i s a c r e a t i o n o f th e R u le s in r e l a t i o n t o the system o f c o u r t s in the M ainland and made s e n s e o n ly b e fo r e Z a n z ib a r 's f o u r ~ t i e r system was b ro u g h t on b o a r d . Were th e R u les t o be w r it t e n to d a y , R ule 89 (2 ) w ould a p p ear in d i f f e r e n t te rm s . I t i s t h e r e f o r e im m ateria l th a t an a p p e a l from d i s t r i c t c o u r t p r o c e e d in g s in Z a n z ib a r i s a t h i r d a p p e a l; the t r u t h o f th e m a tte r i s th a t i t d oes n o t c o r r e s p o n d t o an a p p e a l from, p rim ary c o u r t p r o c e e d in g s in the M a in la n d . As c o u n s e l f o r the . _ _ /R

8 a p p e lla n t a l s o p o in t e d o u t , were the t h i r d a p p e a l-■ r u le t o a p p ly t o th e system in Z a n z ib a r , R ule 89 ( 2 ) w ould o v e r r id e s . 5 (2 ) ( c ) , bu t M r, M bw ezelen i was q u ic k t o con ced e th a t th a t would be w ron g. In th e s e c ir c u m s t a n c e s , we se e no d i f f i c u l t y in s t a t i n g th a t f o r th e p u rp ose o f A ct N o. 15 o f 1979» what i s a t h i r d a p p e a l on the M ainland i s a fo u r t h a p p e a l in Z a n z ib a r . T here a re a few r e i c t e d m a tte rs which may be d is p o s e d o f a t t h i s s t a g e . F i r s t , when c o u n s e l f o r th e resp on d en t became aware o f a c t N o. 11 o f 198 ^ , he argu ed th a t s i n c e A ct N o. 15 o f 1979 was e x te n d e d t o Z a n z ib a r a t a tim e th e l a t t e r was s t i l l under the p e o p l e 's c o u r t s sy stem , th e A ct has no r e le v a n c e t o the system i n s t i t u t e d s u b s e q u e n tly by the M a g is t r a t e s 1 C ou rts A c t , 1985 We are u n able t o a g re e and we th in k th a t i s a s tr a n g e way o f i n t e r p r e t in g s t a t u t e s . The e x t e n s io n o f A ct N o. 15 o f 1979 t o Z a n z ib a r d id n o t ce a se w ith the r e p e a l o f th e P e o p l e 's C ou rts D ecree b u t c o n tin u e d w ith th e law th a t r e p la c e d i t . The q u e s tio n t o be a sk ed co n se q u e n t t o the r e p e a l o f the D ecree is w hether th e r e i s now in Z a n z ib a r a c o r r e s p o n d in g enactm ent f o r the pu rp ose o f s . 3 ( 2 ) and we sa y i t i s the M a g is t r a t e s ' C ou rts A c t , 1985* K r . h b v /e z e le n i a ls o r e f e r r e d t o s s . 76 and 77 o f the C i v i l P ro ce d u re D ecree f o r y e t a n o th e r argument th a t a p p e a ls from Z a n z ib a r have t o be on p o in t s o f law even w ith o u t s . 5 (2 ) ( c ) and c i t e d Y u ssu f G_ulejisan T aib (a b o v e ) as c o n fir m a t io n o f th a t argum ent. In d e e d s s . 76 and 77 p r o v id e th a t a - s e c o n d a p p e a l-• t o th e C ou rt has t o be on a p o in t o f la w . T h is r e f e r e n c e t o ‘-secon d a p p e a l ■ c a l l s t o m ind y e t an e a r l i e r p e r i o d in Z a n z ib a r 's l e g a l h i s t o r y when i t had a t w o - t i e r system o f c o u r t s . That was a tim e i t

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9 b o a s t e d o f an a r r a y o f s u b o r d in a te c o u r t s from a l l o f which a p p e a ls la y t o th e H igh C ou rt and on t o th e C ou rt o f A ppeal f o r E a st A fr ic a ,. I t i s a m a tte r f o r co n ce rn th a t th e D ecree does n o t appear t o have been r e v i s i t e d f o r q u it e some tim e and as s s . 76 and 77 t e s t i f y , i t i s unaware o f th e p r e s e n t f o u r - t i e r s y s te m . G ran ted, h ow ever, th a t a p p e a ls from Z a n z ib a r nave by v ir t u e o f th e s e p r o v is io n s t o be on m a tte rs o f la w , th a t does n o t answer th e p r e s e n t p ro b le m . These p r o v i s i o n s do n o t r e q u ir e th e p o in t s o f law to be c e r t i f i e d by the High C o u r t . We th in k on the o th e r hand th a t th e d e c is io n in _Yussuf linleimap.' had n o th in g t o do w ith s s . 76 and 77• That was an a p p e a l in a m a tte r o r i g i n a t i n g in a p rim a ry c o u r t . Piamadhani, CJ (a s he th en was) rem arked th a t in a s e c o n d and a t h i r d a p p e a l to t ’r.? High- C o u r t, th e r e g io n a l c o u r t s h o u ld c e r t i f y a p o in t o f la v /. That was an a p p e a l t o the High C o u r t, n o t t o t h is C o u rt, and s s . 76 and 77 w hich r e l a t e t o a p p e a ls t o t h i s C ou rt do n o t p r o v id e f o r a c e r t i f i c a t e . M o re o v e r, w hether c e r t i f i c a t i o n i s r e q u ir e d o r n o t f o r c e r t a i n a p p e a ls t o th e High C ou rt o f Z a n z ib a r is n o t r e le v a n t t o the problem a t h an d , A c e r t i f i c a t e o f the r e g i o n a l c o u r t t o th a t end has no r e le v a n c e t o th e req u irem en ts o f s . 5 (2 ) ( c ) . There was, f i n a l l y , a g e n e r a l q u e s t io n r a is e d by th e C ou rt as t o th e m i s c h i e f the req u irem en t o f c e r t i f i c a t i o n was in te n d e d t o com b a t. D r. Lamwai re sp o n d e d , and c o r r e c t l y , th a t the p u rp ose o f a c e r t i f i c a t e f o r th e c l a s s o f a p p e a ls in m a tters o r i g i n a t i n g in p rim ary c o u r t s was t o en su re th a t d e s e r v in g c a s e s o n ly re a ch e d the C ou rt o f A p p e a l. The e x e r c i s e i s t h e r e f o r e a s c r e e n in g p r o c e s s w hich would le a v e f o r th e a t t e n t io n o f th e C ou rt o n ly th o s e m a tters o f l e g a l s i g n i f i c a n c e and p u b lic im p o rta n ce . Would t h i s o b j e c t i v e be d e fe a t e d by a b se n ce o f c e r t i f i c a t i o n in a p p e a ls from d i s t r i c t c o u r t p r o c e e d in g s .../ 1 0

10 in Z an zibar# We do n o t th in k s o , b u t , i r o n i c a l l y , the Z a n z ib a r c o u r t system i s b e t t e r eq u ip p ed t o a t t a i n th a t o b j e c t i v e . There i s th a t e x t r a a p p e a l t o th e r e g io n a l c o u r t which does n o t o b t a in on th e M a in la n d . F or th e re a s o n s we have s e t o u t , we h o ld th a t an a p p e a l in p r o c e e d in g s o r i g i n a t i n g in a d i s t r i c t c o u r t in Z a n z ib a r does n o t r e q u ir e a c e r t i f i c a t e on a p o in t o f la w ; i t o n ly r e q u ir e s le a v e o f th e High C ou rt in a cco rd a n ce w ith s , 5 (1 ) ( c ) . w ith the M a in lan d , a c e r t i f i c a t e on a p o in t o f law i s r e q u ir e d o n ly in a m a tte r o r i g i n a t i n g in a prim ary c o u r t . We n o te th a t a p a n e l o f th e C ou rt came t o th e same c o n c lu s io n in th e l a t e r c a s e o f Harban H aji__Mos j_ S c /m o th e r v . Omar H i l a l S e i f & /m o t h e r . C i v i l R e fe r e n ce N o. 19 o f 'IS • • a l s o from Z a n z ib a r , and we a g re e w ith the d e c is io n t h e r e i n . P erh ap s i t m ight be d e s i r a b le , in o r d e r t o p u t the p o s i t i o n beyon d d o u b t, f o r th e L e g is la t u r e t o r e c a s t s . 5 (2 ) ( c ) and f o r th e le a rn e c C h ie f J u s t i c e t o r e v i s i t R ule 89 ( 2 ) in o r d e r t o r e f l e c t the c o u r t system in Z a n z ib a r . As le a v e t o a p p e a l was g ra n te d in t h i s c a s e , th e a p p e a l w i l l p r o c e e d t o h e a rin g w ith o u t m oree DATED a t DAil liS S a L a AK t h i s 3 1 s t day o f May, 2002. Bo A . SAMi-.TTA CJDilF ^ JUSMC£ L .fo. M a K AF i E JUSTICE OF APPEAL A .8 .L.KAMAPHANI JUSTICE OF i£ V M L D .Z . LUBUVA TOsTICE J j F aPPEAL K«S oK. LJ(iiiKIiIGIRa JUSTICE 0 ? jtPPukL . . . / 1 1

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