Director of Public Prosecutions vs Saleha Mligeto and Others (HC Criminal Appeal No. 260 of 1990) [1991] TZHC 2384 (5 July 1991)

.. , . I. / nr T2:::3 B'.IG;:: COURT OF TANIA AT MtfANZA. A:PPBtLW E JW.ISDI CTI ON . HIC1II . COURT ·CR:uu:NAL ::··PEAL iiO~ 25o O.F 1990. ORIGINAL c:tml1AL .c;sE NO. 472 OF 1989 OF 'J:J.iE DISL'm:ar. OF MW.ANZ.A DIS'l'RI011 A.T MWANZA. Def or E. Saaabo, Senior District Nagist:i.•a.te. TIIE DmEC'l'OR oF PUBLIC PJ1otmcur roNs •••••••••••• ~ • • • • • • • • • • • .iPPELL.ANr (OiGinal Proeeoutor) vmscJS 1.- &tD Mmm ) . 2. MUSSA. r1JJ JJ§J MW!BYl .) •.• • • . • •.••••• •. • ••• · .•• •·• • •• • , ••••••. BESPONDENTS .3.. ABJUI,IJJ:I IDDI-M'OSSl ) . . (O·icinal Acouseds) JUDGMENT Chwes- /.ttempted thef't o/s 380, 391 and 265 of the l'::1el Code O:_?i? 16', K.4.1' r.r !J.l. • Ihd.ioted a..-id cllal.-cred before Mwanza. District 001.:Lt, were four aooused pei-sons, namely ( 1) Saleha Mettog ( 2). Sa1Jol70 Liigetto, (3). Mussa Raja bu clie.s Mwii and ( 4) j,'bd.allah Idd M1t1a, ohcy;ed i11 t,.'le eequential and oonseoutive order as, f:t-rst, second, third end 4t;:,. coclttiod persons respeotivaly. With their r8Si10Ctivo plea,s of not .Guilty, herag,aing the trial to eomo, which earae, anc1. et the end of the da.y 2.l1d in a reasoned ' . . J' udgoe11t, t:.1a first, third r . ..r1d 4th accused pe:rso11S, were found g-ilil ty,. and convicted as charged•. Forlw1a, and that God.aess of love - venus - wore on the side of the 2nd aocusod. 1 who 1-1a.s acquitted. In the senenoing prooass, i~ which tho trirl m-eistra,to was mo:z,e apologetic s.nd positively turned e.d.Voeate for the aooti.sod pesot1a, the 3rd and 4th aoousad pesons were sontonood to is six. month imprisonμiont, with unsolicited nor roquos- tod reoornmondantion, that t:.:ey be pla.ood on extra-mral labour. When it. ca.mo to tl10 first accused, t;.:,a trial court ecmtonood hirJ to six months impriso_nmont., but recommo11dcd o:tra.-rnural laboUJ.•, .duo to his ill-heal th wSHbjoq_ijq,,11 !]!Odioal CQ.1.lo as to his hclth .2,}Jl'l.9.. tO.J20£.fOffi extra.t)E£.J.abour 0 , • . · s • .. ~ ·. : , • .:. ; c .• : :. ... • • · , ... •. 1..: '1., • ., othol'lriso :'01-toisoliko, with t:o.o conviction oncUlbc:rin(; him, h~ wa.s--io ·be his O'(,l!l jud.g0 on how· ·to uso his untethered libortjr undor tho su11. Tho 00wiotion.. ..ud ~ .sontc, ii; docs oe.sil;s-- soo;n, attre,cted <.. ., .• • •• ::- g:dcvo.ncos, for u\ilc, tho D.PoP., herein to 1lc ot>.llod tho a,ppolle.nt .s. appealed 2,&c-irist t:.:.C sc:1-t:v:100s ir:)oscd Oll t].ic a.ccusoda, honcc ros1)011donts - r:rcintai,.'-li.."'lG' that, the said s011tc11cos \rcrc ill tto . ?irct.tistaJ.'loos manifestly liluo~1t, end dcrn.~1dcd cnhoncooont of tho.· sarno coc □ ei'lS'I.J.rc.to. l!ii;h t.1ic sc~~~iouanosa of the offence, SALE 1 :n 1IIGEr0 heroin · to bo cmllcd e ~_pQJ.li:J.rl. 1 has appealed against 001iv:l.ction, I:!lei11l.y ••· t 'I' ,. '

co11tonding thet, ( 1), b.is "alibi as supported b;,r P. w. 6 was given shallow ovcl.uetion, a.,d (2), t'..12,t the credibility of ?. w.1, low cs ho tI:i.ot::;11t it e,otucl.ly is, ·wt·,s t1:1w·2..rrai1tcdly by highly rated and, hcnco t>o convio- tion • li0 wants qtwz.::.od 2.nd rond0rod irrolov2.11t. The D.P,P. houcvc:-.· in his good· wiBd.on, 'lri.t}:d.rot-r the appor.1 D.ga.inst rosl)ondcnts ( 2) ro1d ( 3) 1fo.ssc1. 11.e,jabu. 1-iwinyi 2;:1d ..lbdalla.h Iddi Husa, rospootivcly. Thorofo:;,:,o ru:id hcnco the ot.'oss-a:_:,)yccl. by tho cross.appollcl1t Saleha li'lj,goto agi.nst the co11victio11 ancl. t:.:,.o D,P.P 1 '_s ap:pocl eg"E·.inst. t:.:o ola.ioodly mc.nifostly i11adqt1a.ey of sontoncc .:cll ·constitv.tc □ Y b::.oi'A•. To e;void ridin[;' tho 02.rt end pullin[; t~~o :1orso,tllo l2.1v of logic ci10. cotv~ior;ico, dictc'.tos, ..; t~1at tho conviction Jo te:Jtod fir8t, before tl,.o aspects of sontoncc is visited,· if noccl )o. Starting w:i.tl;. ·t1c identification of the t1.11diSJ.)Utcd .fa.ct □, as did t:.o trial: ill:?istrc.to, it is dof"'Jing d.1cllongo, t::,c:.t &I.mE 1-UG;IDO, -~~-- o oross-appollrmt, w at t.:.C material time, Ci.1].JlO?Ocl by M::·7,l1Ze, Tr .. i.1.llOJ:'ios · Ltd• 2J1d 01joying· the stctus of a Pcrso11ncl Officer, and in f:\S nuol1 as we· CB.l'L11ot put asunclOZ' w}.te,t God hes joined, ... t;w 211d 2,ocuscd we.a..__,. d the m2.tci-ial time, the wif o of the oross-appclli::J.1t, end tho sistot of . t:.e 4th accused. And -it is boyond controvo1•s/, . tL:"':.t tho s.::.id 4th cc1.ts6d i)Crson had since J,fJ_y 1989, been omployca., as 0110 of the. sccurit;y- c,1.'"\i."ds by P,. W.6· ;r&Q{ IGlMl1JI.:E.A, on bohelf of the Cora];>CJ.'l,Y, It is dofyi11G cb.al- 101-x;e too, thc.t tl.c Jz'd cccuscd 'W'M cnployod b3- 1'. w.6, · followinG ll.i.'l apJ.>- lic2..tion for omplo;ynont., Exhibit P4, c,nd {)s per accepted cvido1100 1Jy. l?. Tfo 1, at tho initir.tivo of· ,l:o cross-e,ppcllc:,nt., but in preparation to C<.:.-tc11 the thicvcsn1-ho were then already schcoinc. I venture to scr nt t::,.is o-pportune jiu1oturc, tb.2,t tcking the m1diSl)utocl facts to tho c:::tot above shown, one c..':!Jmot o.:i.soiss the fe.ct tb.r-,t, the cross-a:ppcllc.•nt, tho 2lld 000\lSGd, 31-d al'lcl 4-tb .. D,CCUSod, 11..,.,,d fCT:1ily o~• encl friendly lil1ks,· that porccJ.)tivoly percolated into 'iho caiapD.rl;y- 1 cr1<.l wo:,.o in fadt 2.11d 5..ndood, on duty or p'Ur1)ortodly so,on tho natoricl. nigl1t. of tho incident 17 /G/1989. In tho oorape.:,1y 1?l .. ctiiscs, it is dofyilt; chGllongo~ n.nd · borond · 0011ti'OVersy was c Conpc..ny Dua, SDo.nia nmko, Roe. llo. su16413, til~.:i.0:1 cr10DG other proporlios ·si tua;c in such p1cr:lisos, vtc,s too, S1I.P).)0sod to be gur..mcd. 1d :protoctocl f:t-o;:i vandal ism, by tho socttd ty gu..-u1ds lil::o t:10 )rd CJ.ld 4th F1ccuscd J.)C:so11s,'.:. ...... N ........... .. • J.iowcvo::.·, 011 the wo11j.11s of · 18/3/1989, P. 'if,4 m¥lY_b1-T¥Tq, the- Chief ;sinor got c. :r-c11o·rt, t1:•.r.,t, there hr:,d boon nl1 ioop to stoo.l tJ:10 "utw injector pUJp 1 t'..J."ld in .. deed ton P. W. 4 goii1i:; to· ihspect tho bus, ho c'd.sOO'V'c1oc1 2.11d so tcot:i.fied 1 . th,'.,t tho bus. injector- pU;ri> 1 .llad its six nuts loosc11od, is co11nectL·18 ;pipo leosoncd, rl1..cl fou.:..: ru.¢s s.c:rnthod in rtnsCJ:'owil)G r;ttompts r;1d offoz-ts, 2,11d tonoo the incvitn.olo inference thct tho r.-or:io-..roJ. of tl10 Ol'ljcotor ;:n:t.1?, was tz:.c _cogt .o:f! -tl.1.C$0 off.o....~s. nncl a.ttc:1 1 }t:J. ;t

. .. .. 3 It d.oeo verily scor.1 ,to mot that the above clocs d<nonstra;tivol:y- . stt.Ql)ly .tl.8 1 ~: ith a soft 12.11.etiJ.1.G, upo:.l. a .rc1ova-11t and e.ttra,ctivo isst\O ~ wfao ve..s or WC:i,'."O culpritly roSJ')()l'lsiblo - tho issue the,t 1:-,q,s to c~ us into a. 0011;ol1ttous arena, cs did o,pprociato tno triol CO."Z-t, Tho gonct.io (s'l'Owith Pnd dovolopno11t of t~:ds case, sterls with thi el:lbgod il1it1.a1;ion of :P. w.1 M.S. BALLA enot1-10:c Coopo.l'l,jl' Security offioc1~ into a. aohcoo, 'thtl.~ culoi1mtod into 1ho ?t.U'ot, though by P. 1-r.1 himself. According to P. W.1~ · tho Ol"Oss-ap:pollant wroto him o.n urgent noto Exhibit 1'2, roe.ding:• mi. M. S. W,LA PLJW3E COME AT H()!(Il~ TO DAY• V'A!:lY URG!l1NT ISSUE, DO 1'T<,Jt· MISS. CIWCU'LA UTJJCULA 1"r.i.'1ll!JimI, KUNA MZlGO W.AICO. I AN lfAlTING FOR YO"CJ. $M 10.00. BROTJimt. That this ma.eaaeo WM i•oooivod b;y· P, w.1, o.11d nctw.ll;y· written by tho c:::osG-' appollr.nt, ' ,J ! ~ w.::,s COlu'oo □ odly ad.mi ttod· by botl of t:.ioo. 4-ccordin& to r. w.1, ho finally mot tho croas-ep-J)ollant, at a. mutt10.lly e.{jTood vonuo ... HlThlGA GUEST HOUSE, · o.nd. what olloaodly tro.11spirod ' ' ' botwoon tho0 1 ia eotivatin[; end yet i11torciat il1g, if. =e:o.:i · the .lhqreo' a oot1.th,. ii.doh scys=• "I asked h:in to :'3CO no D.t m1St.uigc:. cot :foi".Bo, ;•t Pc.oiD.l-'lEJi. Ho a.grood. Lt 4,.00 p.m. ho cono o.t Naat'!l1t;a Guest Rouso. Ilo found mo tlioo. In the course of t},,o. Otatorse.tion, he wanted to lo10w·,. for ho,r long l h2;vo boon :i,,t Emmzc Tt'.1111orios. I told hin, tl.i::'.t I h2;vo boon there fo1" olcvon ( f1) yoc.rs. }!~~ ,hon ask:ocl oo, "Kotika kipindi ohotc i2.icho uooisc.r..Yt1 ' J!ll.l1l. ' . - /ln ne"? I replied no:\hing". Thor. b.o wai1tod 'io kno,r o;y· future plc.ns. I told him, tb.nt, I hnd no plan.. Re. ri.skod oo, ·vcwo hut.:...Jd fccllia? I told llio ·th?,t I wotilcl liko· to h·.vo money. Ro anid 11 Tivki,. kzini k'l.1l'l& choo1Jo mbcoho kikiol:i.u.'lculiwa. tutapete, Shs.400,000/=• I w0,ntcai to know irho:rc tb.ot cqt.tip- t 77 t 1 ~ t' t ·t . t' , ' 1 men wc.s. .i:,.o O-CL no ,'.;.[!, l wc,,'3 111 .,:o 01.,w, GCl'.l'll.C, netcc. IIo so.icl. · it wao n..'1 11 injoctor puop"' I sr.icl how ccn we rc,2ovo . it~·. 1-ib.on t~~.o:;.'o i:.XO socuri ty Gc1s. ;:::a told r.io the,t sinoo I .. -&1 c. sc.ou;:..,it;f officer ho will show 00, hon to do it, ncl that tho· 4th. noct'...9cd,. n security gue:rcl wr,s his brother in law, c.nd thr,t, to 1,rottl.d uo.kc us: of hin. r:c told-raoi he i10u.ld . · . tec'k"'ioi 'but we ohaJ.l emp oy Wm ao brl. 1'1.,Y "'ot1·,o; -,,.,:.n "" ,~~ , 'l' ..i · • ·"' •"t'..) C..:,,,.-1. -·· , J •• u.. . ~ • ·', -,, w J"... , . w I •. i..,•••• wa. to.hman . . • · ,~ . . ' 1 ..,., -.-n/ooct'-Z':i.ty g1.,,ard, · 1st qcct.1.Scl Wi?S on n leave but ho S'l.lggostcd vro o.dvicQ tho ad.mini.strctivo Er·.n..",f;or to c □ploy hio ~ . .. ' . no there ·W.S ~ S:10rtnc O:l; '0-0C',....J.'t,r D'l'!r;,,c1nlf ' "--t.:.> ""'" tJ Q .... ~ .. -. Tho Oel"!.did unfo).di!lG· .of tLc oe.so, shows· ol,oc:;.:-ly r.;G f..lUl)portcd by P. --;-r. 6 IS/C( Wl.lUlISIIA, tht,t r. T-T.1 1 did fa.i thf\1lly ro:;,1ot· about tl10 c.rin:L"lal s.oliol tilu a;ph - t.1 pp_ollcnt nnd .hau 1>o iilc'llc\1Cocmt cr.ipl~od, • ; ..... /4 .. ·1 J

.t 4 - tJ.20 d occusod :folicrt·ril· his. guidd appic,,.tin nb:11:1bit· P4, :uti n ViOlf to fil1olly n11d. w.til:.irtcly rtibbl6 tho _o:d.r..1L."'lc1. ::tqb.opo .in, tho burl., r.s tho ,. ?olicc. hi:,,d dccic'tcc" •.. ~~ .;fO•i~, hb9-T. thq· ·111to11e'locl 'v;ct_io. . Iridood,' / ·. .:. .t;:i.crb''io no cqnt.bs,. t:.t ,J?.W.10 ·msP:,aroli NG.tui 1·ULA MJq>:i:·,,'. -.:-.1cl · P. f. 2 • 0~~2- ,j/ CPL-· · . .-?fiJ;.Wl.ZO o.i:ui f:t-oo _ th bit- dut ifμl. . . ·. ., . . . 0 ,<•. •·. ' '•-A ;. . , ., • imfcstigr.i.tivc r .. ncl .. clo-;octivo vant[\G'c psi+, ions :.ro·W',·? 10ir:;;c.trn:i wl!c,t. t.1qy 00.lf tJ.O or:imi.nDl ·t;J_ty;: ·a6ing-, tTc¥1l r,t int'ihd , i11,¢.0l)ti110 . ir.t'o ovorl· ?ts .. ;:. . . ·,· .. •.' .. .: . . •··: · .. ; . . . At -a'bout S. .0 0 ·ty 3rd, and ·4th '.·a.ooused went round, and·· ce ·ba.ck t.6 i:ie! Get., ::.-.T:·Qn:-he fat·:011e .(4th acoused)~ iitmt. : . ' . ' ' ' . / . . _to the 'l;n.tlldini:fnely. 1 -9- came be.61.t ·to ho gat·e •. · 111intttas _ t later lie;/ oo·fef to the·, vhioies,, The fat, one. (-4th' r. .. oct.10cd) ,' had a 't;orc;.i; . ti. bc>W-:·M·d a.rrowj, whilEl his ·co_llegtios, 1;l.:c. tell I O t ._ one, .. 11¥ . i;JOrt ··of parei_. :The· toll (?11,. is tlie 3rd· ccsod, .. a.s tlie f'c,t 'one. is· .th~ . tth . acused. The :3rd shone ;h.is··.:t t~!-:.· a.round., .. li'.le1·· they one;cd the' -oi' 1.m.s . Thew •;-\ilicy p~ . . . . • , • ,', • ,: i ••• ••c ' • - • J • \ , , • : •, 0 • ' 0 • .., t • 0 • 'I O ' ., ' .·ceo,dod _;o tho· bo~~Itp.q_n ,to 4tll e.cousod wont outsi0 · 1cv~- ho- )rd o..ct'isd. isido, o.t:- this juncto we roelisod, . . . . ' ' , . "flU~,, :fey·. !.1.rA :.0tibarko9- on .heir nission. • Tiprc follo,ea, _ning r pcos, · e-;d S?f..1 t'ios. spa.1;1crs. d:ropping do . ~ The 44 t'ISod i1as sort f patroilii'JG' 1J~~ going.:round up. to · ·. . ' ; . . .' ' • ' .. ... • l ' .,\ • . _:t;-ho ga.tc, ··61.C: then bt\ck to tho -vcl?-iclo,--'. •••' .,; •• • •• •. • • • •• / Mio_,f\ _-sliorl tirio, -1- . -~~~1 · th---p,ov:i113, t~~- -Jr~ •cocuscq. ··_4ql- . di.rig -omotllii'JG i11• ins h2,n<is •. :we :deoiclcc1. to- wait arid soo 1 ·'if·._i, ~ a/ftl)m-o.rc:r6od :ror.1-t: .. :.6· vohiolo,··so'.thct -,;-: :would lO f~ to .t+1C -gi;c,. s,l'lU. -i:1tc:i.-vc110'•1j6for0i· -h6y° .-_ t.alc- it otn. 'Whilo *t1{1·'WlUti11g.'tTC. saw·thc_.3rd·aotsod .. ,,•

• .. roturn to· tμc vohiol~_, whil~ th~ 4t1:. b,oc1;i.s-cd ·rinod i:t. tho · . ga.to :togot!ior ·1·Ti th tho, two· pqrsons wl10 wcl•o,,a:'i · tho ·to'·•• .... ·At,··. thi:s · j-Uloturo :.th; 0 .. -9-·s. ·itnspec,tol" n:.:hundi:, oi-dcr9.d;_ ·ne ·. .. . CJ1d -p/c· Se.ltu· to. rush,. ruid .vrost .those tt-ro ··yout]8i.1011o. Tfc: .: . · •· I found hi;.ai :1-ri1h a· bc .of spcrs, · tied tgcthor WiE o.·· J . . . . . ' .. . . belt and· :::>lcstio placed in hi~. _tro.usm.:- nom- tb.o.-lo'i11s 1 ono spa.nncr 'il1 l:ds ooo.t. u . . , Tho. SDCJ'l.."101--s. i,orc tcndoj;'c~ by _.P. w.2 ~ ji}xhibits P5,. Pot -P7, the sane apa11rtcs thc.t were laooo.'hv' . .P w.·7 ,MSi:a,&RA _r;MiISI, 2.11d P. W.3 JJ.AMD YAiJUID, -s. .hoh- a-vgru.1crs, -that hcd_ b611'·.bo;rotrod by tho cross- appollr.nt, 2,i;. about 5.30 p.b- · o;f 17/8/1989'} pro{isi:1[; to return tho sooo · to :tt?O ·:on 1_8/8/1<;89:. · ')J:μ3_ i.i.1 ;r.iJ,- viow rJ_ay 110 c, god jtu1~~~0 ·to rctra.o, . . . . . . e. _.totu<?us .routo~- frqq }::-?· rllogod initidiiic to o~il.:i.st P. W.1 into tho · · .•••••.• /5. 0

..

• 5 criDil'lal sohcco to stor-..1, an idontificd itco t:10 injector pmp, at tho •' · nooting c.t Mosurlga. Guest IT.ouso, and locating the ptup on tho map of ' Mwanzo.. Tanneries :t,ronisos, instign.til'l{.s the cr.1plo;y1.1cnt of tho 3rd nocusod, to t. __ ,.., the 4th c.cet1socl, who was cl.ready there, - end thus cron.ting a ring of crininalJ fr,ithf\u pcrpotr2.tor'J.., (not lnoiring Pit if, 1 woulc1 t1.1.rn · out to bo their Jude; uv..t a fnithfu.l scfv"ant of t:.::.o conpany), borroir.l.ng spo.n110rs, - instrtv.icnts foJ: rmoV"ing tlw injccto:i! 1>-.:u-1p, froo P. if. 3 c.t1cl P. 'ff'. 7, o..l'ld. actuall;r to ... 1porinG with tl:.,o sc,id frjoctoJ:' punp in its ror1ovi11g :process, and. hence t!:.o c.:-:'r.'cst of the 3rd ond. 4th noousod pc1,sons, rm ahmy5ll'.5 thoo jointlJ~, with this cross-o,ppoJ,.li:,nt. Tho t,-.iol nc,cist:i:-t,tc after dircc-ti11G hiasolf, thut the cross- c:()l>oll,Q.nt wcs tho conooivm:- ·end iniia.tor, of tJ.:.c oz-ininti,1 schcr.10 8,l'ld honoo o. i,nneipel of:fcnci.or, r,nd: hat 01hor c.ccti..sods ucre his ogor.rlt: oon- . ·Victod h:u.1 as oho.rgod.. Tho ol'Osa-pollont did c,tto.ok this conviction, r:J.id doi):riontcd the tricl nistrr-.to for, (a. bcliovil'l(;; F. lfo 1, 1:..ncl (b) thc,t his alibi wo.s not (3ivc11, or nocordod tho riGl.:.t respect. I think w:l.t;:i. 1"ospoot, l-fhothcr to bcliovo or·not to believe 1. if.1, was within tho P:t"ovinoo of tho trir'l cot1rt, thnt snw and hoard tho 1-tl tnosscs tcstfy • ?bile it i.11:'.J' be concot'tocl, t:t2..t Pffo 1 did o.d."J.it to ?o ';·T. 6, ns luw-in,:- 1JOO!l . .. . . c, st'IS".,1oct fo? "'sho:rt.s. l.,llcn,.oua,l;;t·. commtt~ th.r,t c:-10110 docs not ctrtoocti- ce.11;; clisqUt'll.ir the said witness from tolling t10 tth, in this l)c.i.----ti- culr..1. O!:',sc. To go fmti.1or, w:':lich I horcb;r do, it is ~ woll to rawonbor, t . t . . . . . t,pponentn ·t ·t . . ·t "bl t ,:: .. n, u:.2011 c:i-ose-cxao.:J.m.11.g one ... wl noss, :L 1s qui o possi o o eti;c.ck tho i:ntnosscs c:'."1,.TOOtcr, in orclo:..:- to cstc.blish tlint, he, such l-ritnoss should not be "yoliovod, ·~ but in .oy 2.Ssos::mont of cvidonoo·, this . . \ we.a h..1.t'dly ·o.chiovod,lce;v-o clone attcDpting it ,r:nd. doing it il1 proscout~ tho O.J?:?Onl ,is hndly helpful. Cxoss-oxe1:1il1ctio11 o..s to ·credit, rJc.;y· bo dia- ti.116"1.U.shod fro □ ~1'l0:i!C.l .XD..r:lins.tiou, ,·rhid:.. a.tte,cks not tho clJZL•aotro:- of wi tncss, but tho avic.011oc he is givi11g 1 the l;'..1.1swox to such cross- oxanil10,tio11 )cing ,n.o:cr:1£1.ll;r final. · "'Ga.in· tho cro;i:,:){)J.lDnt, did not ot1.occ1sfUlly discrodit t:10 ovidonoo thr.t P. !f.1 gave. ;;.go.in consiclori1u tl:.c ::cola that P. lf.1 j,?l"~:·ce:. 1 upto the closing scene of the ch--e,,ptcr, I to ... sntidfiod truthfullj,·, t::1e,t it .. rc.s tho croso-c:ppollant, nho throuch his ncssois'O Exb.ibi t P2 invi toc1. l', lfe 1, to n nccti11(;' tl:,..,".',t ho:i-aldod 'tho oonilia · ~j .. oning of t::,o orino charzod, · ;. ·:-.:- ..s that t.1:..c injcctoi, pt111p wns to bo t!:o object of thoft, thnt t:.:6 4t:1 c.ccusod hi.a brotl\oi-in-la.u would o.ssist; 1d oven occe,sionccl t}::.o onJloy.:1011t of tho 3rd r,cct'!Sod 1 nnd borrowed' tho insti-1..t:10l1tal spn,1.-ll101s, t:\t,i ucro seized fron the r,oouscds, ·while i..--i t;J.o Mwn;.cJ· Tannorios prcnisos. To co,11, or inpoc..cl.: suc1.1 n wi tnoos ns not orcc1i1)lo, is to i!ultilca in usoloso lil-ieu.:i.ti-tio ttsoo ,c .. nd distort :;;,rinoip;Dld crccli1Jilit;:,,- 0,ooosor.1cnt, 2.l.'l ccrcisc wo cc.11 ill--2.ffox.d. I do tb.01•otoro concur H·ith tho tr nociatrrrto in hia nss.c.so,Jcnt of r.11.1, cs n very ..... •· \ I i ! 1

6 credible reliable, loyal witness ~ that it wc:.s the cross-appellcnt who inte. iated the theft venture, Emd sent the 3rd and 4th accused pe:csons as agents to steal, the said injector pULl]), a;.1d I do believe very ve:dly, tl1at the said. aecused persons cl.id get into t:w Sc2nia Dus, and unscrewed the nuts fix::i.rig the injector pump to the body of ti::.e nus, only to be arrested. '1ha m-oss-appellcnt did. att2,ck the magistrdo fo1' allogedly ignoring the elibi, th2,t he wa,s in Nzege, 2<.t t:.i.e mderial time. Le tendered two Th.'..S Tickets, one obvio;sly dated 16/C/1989, and snothr ono unclearly dated, but both tendered, as defence I!b::hi·:,i ts D2 and D3. This ali1:ii w2.s of course rojo- tedby tho ·triol cou-rt, zmd in m;r view rightly. The cross-a}?:?Ollent behe,ved, in submi ttine; these as e.xhi 1)i ts, lilrn a spent swimmer 1-tho · clti..tchos astraw or piece of roed, thinking it uouJ.c1 Silvo him. For evidence by I 1 0W.3 IIAMAD l'1J::JJBtJ 2,nd ?.H ~ 1 HS.AilAIIA P'.ri:SJ:s which wD.s :properly assossod as orodiblo and I cm so assessing it, is thc',t t:.:.o s,,;id c:ross-app0ll1.mt was :t their ple.00 of work nt-5.30 p.m. on 17/8/1c;f;r_;:, just a fow hours bcf'o:co the commission of tho offence, r,nd fu:rthor cons:Ldo:-:-i:1c; tho evidence by r .1-r o 1, t::10s0 tickets must hevo been fa.ltely manufr.ct'L:::.'ou., q_u2,lifying for tho dust-bin, or du.m1)ing ground, to which I hel'cby consign tl10 smc end in any c1.:.so by- tho very natu:ro of the offonco lJhysical prosonoo, is 1ecdly a must. The so wc.llod alibi was further of no wGie;ht as the 01oss-cpy'.3J.lrnt never ga.vo advance notice rogar- . ding the same, c..s per see. 194 o:Z t;.o C.I.A. 1985. On tho a"bovo ovidoncc, tJ,.o t,:,fr.l mngistJ'.'tto convictccl tho rppcllants · as charged, guidod by_ 11OD:JR J2J:-OJ:.CJ:_ TO CRil!!IlT.Al 1:!1i.J?Y !~~-J.!..!.9.• Turner on tho subject °'f:/!J ?72,· 1;.nd conv::.noocl thet tho chc.rgo hcd 1100n ::?roved. beyond roasona"blo doubt tho fJonvic'iion tho cross-appc llnnt wc.nts to unsol",t. Con:f'ossoly wl::.ilo I do 8.pl)l'oc.:i2,t0 t;.:o a:9pi•oach by tho tric.J. mngistrcto, 0,ll along, I 112:v-::} not hzvo had tho L c.vr,ntIJ'0 of rec.dine; IWDEf.fff APFTI.0.ACII TO . -·•·--- ........ -·--- ..... cnnmrAL LAW t iXl:O:·ticu.;1.nrly on ti.:.G !Il[\ttcr. :Dt.1.t I would jt,dici.c.lly chd d2Xi.1gl3· sc:.y th0,t, tho lr:w of 2ttamJ., is hr::...-tlly simple in c1:p:;ilic2tion, to given. ciroumst::mcos. ' 2 hc rclovc.nt soctioa :pur:;.."Osof'ull3r rop:roc1uo0d, :roc.ds c.s followsg- Soction 380: "When ti. ::?c:;son, intending to comni t 2n offence t begins to put his :i.nto1tio11 into oxoct1tion 1w mcc .... ""l.S ado.ptod to its f't,;lfilmont,- r.,nd 1:J....'1.o.cif0sts his intotion 1Jy some ovo:rt net, but docs not ful!iJ. >.:Ls j.atontion to such o:xtont as to oomrni t tho o:ffonco, ho. is doamoc1 to attcr;1pt to commit tho offonoo. It is immt:torj_c.:t.,. ,'.):X:Copt so fc:;::- cs r0gri.1ds :?'lmishmcnt, whotho:r tho oftcnc1o::.- ,lo0l3 cJ.1 thr:,t is nococsc;;:y on his part for completing i.ho · conr.1ission of tho offonco; or whether tho complete :ful.fil.l.1c1Tt of ::is intontio11 is :prcvontocl by oirct:nistmms indopondorrt of r.is 'trill, 01• whotho1 ho desists of his oi-m motion ft.om ~ t,,;;.:t!lo;:- :.:)I'orio~tion of his il1tontion. 1

• • / ., 7 It ;l.o :iontOI'icl. thcrt; J ronaon of oirouos_tc.noos not known to t:i.o offon.dcr it io inpossiblc in faot to coooit tho offcnoo." . · It lrotil..d soon to no, thc.'i thct tho consti,.t'.1,\0:tt olci:1'rito of tb.o orbo•.-of: nttcnpt c 1Joicclly two - .one - 0,11 into:;:1tion 011 tho p.rt of· . the. of'fc.."idor to cor.1Dit t>c cou:ploto offonco,cnd -two - o.ttondant ovort no~~ 01 physical note, by tl10 vor:y 1 off011dor. or .gents sufficinolty 1)1"0- xio..:-,to to the cooplcto o;Cfcnco wEhout GOir)f; to. t>c extent of conplotil,c tho o:r-101100. I.f I 'H'O:L'O. to 'sock ;:1..1.pport for tt:.c ::-,'bove n.tter.'l)?t.a, I fi11d co-ofort in. wll .. , E}lf'J.J)..QF ·a1UMilTAL !4.W.: __ (9th}:\t~.125Q), hc..s . . . - .. - . ,12.icl cloun on the DP.ttor - thus:- "A.11· e:ttci:1:?t to conni t n crioe io .:-.n net done wih into11t to oomoi t thr,t c:rinc, mcl ( c,ct) i'oro_il'JG pcrl of c1 series of . .. nets wh.ic:i. cot11d. consituto, its cordssion, j_f it wore not in1trr1.i,t3tod. 11 .... Tho_ abovo dofinition fotmd Jud.ioicl cpprovE'l in such_ c.c.sos .as BIP} E · T (1954) I.·T.L.f~.-<?J....2f23i2,nd in DAVEY' "ZS.- LEqJ..1267) 51 .CR. AP. . &_l).l. But I wow.c: ll11sto11 to edd, that ":!:,.he ov..9rt nets na11ifost~ tho £..Cndors int011tion to 00,-1.-::i_;j the ooncc, 11 , f.1 1.)0G0 probloo, - to llo'l't proxitmto tho iiot, 01.~ c.ct_o, or sorios ·of then. 13.b.ouid be, or' ·as to tLo ;1 oint of tii:,o,. at wb.iQt tbc scicl cot or o.cte. begin. It :i.o DY view, tt..-....,t t::o· . --, dof'i.."'li t ion· g:ivqn in po.re, A,t04° of AR CR.BOLD ( 36th Deli t io1~) cow.,<l uscfuly b conplii:11;mte..ry to srEPTimrs, (oupr0,), 0:.11e1 it ro;;,,cl.m- :. . . ' . 11 It is su'll..1.ittod t.trJ tho a.9tus rct10 l'lcdcssnry to .eonsti1mto . .. D..l1 ·cttcn}.)t io co::iplctc, if the :prisouer clooo en cot 1t.:i.ich is f'.. tozds: t).:o . cor.mfoaion ·of t'..w .SlJCCific., c:r'm.o, w:1.;i.c:'l s ;inodio.,tol;/ r.,ncl not ;_--_i_CJ.:i.'cly rc:Jotcl:,' connoctod· tri tu ti·.o .. coobi130:i.o::1: of it, Q,nd. t,.o ·doi115 · of 1-r:J.io oci..iinot rcl:?o:.r.bly ' .·. " . bo clod s i.¥.winO nriy othoJ;> piu.:Jooo, than t;:,.o cot'..i:1i0sioti ·of tho-• specif io crin c. 11 · Fron the aboyo, :.l.t ncy· well bo svr:io'V.!.'isc_cl thr-:,t,. tlui.t fo:r tb.o :,;t1J.'- poooo of. tho of:f.onc.c. .ci.f ... :pt, to co::ini"ii c..n offence t_hc prooocu.tio11 o\J£.!t :,;:rovo:.- (a) .,An .intention 011 tho· part of the nc_ctiscd_poroon r.J1 3'1,tontipn . . . . . . ·.. . ·,\ \ . . . .-:, I -:}o ooopit the ccx13lotot ,ottcnco - hence. tl1.o i::~~1s rcc_; .. _?f tl.:.o :etonoo, .' - ~ .. ( b}.: Tho overt Gets o-:c peystoo.J. c.cs; or so1·ioo. of Q.Cts on, tho· . . p·OJ."f; of t:10 · nccuood person ,o. •his CBCl:.ts nn..."'liforit ing ot1c!1 . ~ .. . .. ' . ' ... . ep.cusoct- -intention to conoit tl,c i11tondod of:f'onoc

• . b.c11cc ti:,o otus· row:,. (c) Such .ovo1'1 net, : __ or ·sorio~ _of ccto, t:1.1t b~ so SP.qoificr-J.J.y ·du,90-t.oa.Jl1'_pt,.zj)po,o owo.rds tl .... c con;:.1isdon of -tT!r.-,t U1tonc!.od crir-10, thnt t:.. por,otrot·ion of tJ.:c o&w, · o,3tll1ot r;noon~.b~y , /o ....... o •. ;, ·! 1

8 ,... be :.-ogc..rdod ~ l1o,ving c;ny_ ot:.1,01· ·::1tu..,.:..>ooo · thci.11 t:.:,.o cor.1ni- onioi1 of the intc1dcd crir.10. T!ioi"oforo it -nee.no, t:1,:--,t cot·, ··o~~- srioo of c,cto, tl,.r,,t r'.1."b :.1oroly p1•01)or,,to:i."Y to .t-'-C co;:::r.1ic:cior-!- of offoEcoj m1116t ·bonstittto en 2,ttQ:1:pt, O,S thcs CC..11. ].1C..rdl3r il1clic:-·,to C fixed i:i.•1 1 ovocablo into::tio;.1 to go on to co,:i:1i t il:ton(:'!.od co::1plcto off 01100. kp1)lyir~ t: .. c )Jcrvo to the inotC!.i1.t cr,ao, H. i.s· clor..r, tl:.oro ltno int011tion to coari:i:t t: :c ·-::.f:c'Qncc .. of. t'..1oft ·- t:,.oft ol n:rr injocto1• ptt111 on . t ~ • t • . . t:_w ;_1-- of t~.;.c m:·orm-.))ollr-11t. S:u.ch· c:d.:.-.-ri::c,1 i:1t011tio11 1mo ooncciYor1- . . t· ~ . , 1 ._ . . , _ ;• ll9 ::_:>prop::: _j:. •. , . , . • .r.> , .•.c&ot:lc.-tod c ... 1D)'lccmn.oo, ,.to· 17c.10rc-2,1Joui; dioclooccc, .t,:..o sttbJ.oct o.c t,.:o tJ.:.oi',t dioclooo.d,· -t.o i:1to:1tion,c:d.rJind it ·1160 ,c.:i.:,."'oi..tlctcd: [.:J.1.d ooadi tion- nnlly s_ol:d< nd. 1:iot;::,-t ·1Jr o.t'l1cr ·ncCUDods_ -for ... o.xo01,:.ti611.- . -.On -thic -t:'.:.co ·. · · :a · is ::.:o doubt ct o.J.1. ]\U"thcr drn.phiocll;r" end c1..onoi.1r.,:tr;:,,t·ivc1?y{ tho c;,Jo:1to , . . . of t~ .. o. CfOSo.p1,ol:l,:.11t uont to the. ·sc.i-pi bu.:::J, ['.-.:.1Cl tho injot61 l)l'-...,:P lT2..S . . . oti.bjcict to th.i.crvis1~ l~-u1clil1C', tnd hm:co :ros1)onc,_011ts .( 2) and· (3) .-iJc:i.11:::; I ••" ... Tho: croos-cypollnt n8.Y ii1norn.11tly, be bc.fidpc;, ·in fclnc caa:ifot, tJ.:,'.:',t ::o w,c"::;i not- ,,t i;ho 000:.10, - no;: cc,ueht · thoicc.t, ,'.n.d lici1cc· J:io o::ti- · tdstic fi6ht. D,Gn:i.nct t~ .. o co11Vict:fo11. It 1-ro,tD.c,_ :i1C~-•:].c~:is be he.rel:: to oo:r, t~-:.r:,t t?.,c ],c.w wotud to· r:QoyJ lot:tehing. r-;t l1.ir.1, if -t:::c :crooti-am,ollrutt . thot;:):t ·so, cvon ro;1otoly. .For on tho· ovic:.01100 r:.:1d ro2,c.i!J.G sections 22 1 o;.1c1 · 24 cff the Y nrl. Coc:c together, t).1.c c.roor.>---C:iJl)vll:::.nt, did cot'.l1Sol/11ro- ci.U-.J. t:lo 2nd :-..21d )rd roo:-?ondcmto to. con;J.it tho off 01100, c,nd ho :1.o i!l lc.11 clccr.1od t_o be r:- .. ·m;•i;.1oiprJ. offend.or - 11 dOOi::ocl to h,wc tdcon ';)ru:'t in 4 I • ----•:!9-' .. ••••- ·•-----------·........,.,,..,~ .£:?;1 2 ittjije t10 •.• 0JfJ]-Q..c __ r;,:cl to .bc~]jJ_of tJc ___ o_t_f_c;22.9..o ch£:.,rosll!.:. I.11 c..:1 ·n1:1oct oi..-:dl·c.:i:' cc.00, f.i:01 ci;-;i1.:-- .. r, j_u:i:!io:;:iru.d_q.co - ,R...!fu_!lJ:fE'~ £!..Ji~.!:ll• 5J6J tho Cou.?t hncl to·. oi1:ilc1--ly~ co:s:i.::.:.cj.; t::·:o cri □ izui,l oopotsi1Jility, .. of' C DQJ.1 1-1ho' hnC. wr±·tcri [.'.. lotto1•,: oxplc.inine- ·11ou to 0:0·0:1 6. snfo b;r UDo of o::plooivoao . _T11c rccop:font ._of tho letter, cn:.boo- . . -1-1 t . d t - ./ ·a. . .. t' t· ~ . t. . .i. ' gy.om, y rio .. o O])Ol1 c, oc:.i.o in c',CCOr nnco m. 1:i. :2.0 CLJJ:>oc 10110 111 uo lotter.: The· CotU't holcl l,ot::. non oquli.lly Gt'.il t?, t::·o 't·r.ritor of t:.:\O letter,' tnat · 0.:i:)l)L:ZOl!tly c.o·· hcvil~ cotu1sollo~., or procv.roa/pr::,:...-=tio1)ln.r' c,ttow11t. . I.:1 this cnao, not oy did. t:. io c:..,oso-o.j)poll r-.nt cot'innol, · c..d:;rioo, indttco, r,:;;oc-...1J:>o, . '. t:,.c ,3:L .. d 8,nd_ 4th hccti.r:;cd to ccirr.:1i t tl:..c · off once, 1mt· cloo G.:WO t;J.o iiictru- nont fo:r- theft to t1:i.oso 1ir0-0uroa. to cci;-_1;it tl'o offoncco In r.1y tt:-:'blo vimr r.nd for the :;:-or,rJmio cbovo, t110 cortvict'io1.1Tcq ;-~ dosc1-vctl,- oo it lro.s inovitnbloo Tho c:.::ipoa.l oeainst ·conviction DU'Jt rde~ i~ dilJni·opd. ' \ Tho Dirccto of Pub1ic P:,,oscctl.tions .;... ·n.? • .P.. · dici. to~· nrpccl, lOi'TOVOI'. contondii.1[;, tJ .. ~~-t t1:o. cent once is "_Lo_sjly. 1 iiti61~(.ii~. '.'·t::~ JF'1£ p.;)poi:-;.s n6t J.g__];J-~~"1.rat6 yi tb. the offm1c_9._c_o1·pi ttoa., ": T!::.c D.?.P.- • • ......i.. t . . . _ J;;f:)nten.00 , • . d m•,o cdci:nc tl110 Cotu:11 · o l.1J.;pooc . .a oQvoror: /t..:..;;.--'!- t: .. o one ·t .. J.c;j; we:.s :i..r:11)000 b:· t;.:o tricl Court j' t~.1ouc;~1 -. tho purauii. pf tLo . oc;:.~o · uns not purpooof'ul ... · .. · •

,> .... . - ' • ,- / I ~~ . ·• ! ,4, ·?· fl ,- t "..,:. ... . . . ·~ ,. .. ., ' "" . . ... _ ... '-- - ·-· . -- ,• ., ; ... .:.:--f. -- f ------. r,,,ncl vic;,--o;.- --·°But with respect; .. sentencing outside th prov:l.11.00 9f: ib.o • • .!, •• • ·•' • niniot;:1 oollt.cncctLC.Ct- 1972, ·1nibn;:Jm~-:n~-oontionod.. WU I".ebuddor..:•o ~ .. ~ . poop into it, dOJ?Ollds ·on judioio.l '- discroti.011; tho intorforcnoo mt:l: ·. ':- .. Ylliah 1 oust be bCJJocl 01t aound prinoiploa, ·not touched by {hci :DP.l'·., -\ in t::·.o roacoi.-rtioii of !.u.3 cppoal. It is tito lr.,lr, th.o.t, dir;,orction .. in tLo so11tonoinc -;.zrooo 1 should not_ bo intorfor:od with by tw C~~t I{ l ~ . .- .. :".;:--t .f of opporu, ooroly boOc'..uso,. it uould htWo ·poood Q different scntcnco, : 1 • · · · · - · or the . triel ,.i • if it woro tryiri..c t;.:.c or.iac.!.---O . ..ie--boct\USO tho nn,giotrcto1e.,~ soon ho - .,. ---- . . . ♦;r it coot.mod, h9nr~~stor.1, c.nct. Jri tncsaoa to ol"'--n-actm:-, b.o/uc;f lle'to · ' ohoson to ~ Ilolfovor it ocy for inste.nco,.imorfor ·with tLc 0011tonc0, ( 1) if n.nd where tllo oom-t hnd io:poood oontonco nluc.li hc,s o:xcoodcd tho polror oonf orrcd 'b;y- P,:rlicnt, • ( 2). t-thoro porh...-r2s tl:i.o ovidcnoo would . . juoti:f'y only ono vi'oit of. tho f'c:,,cts, but tho ocntc11cc is passed on t::o bio, l·hich is nc:co o~poaition, ( 3) whore thoro h..."..S boon r .. n orro~ by tho trivl Court., in cpp:cosiv,ting tho nctoricl lclcl before it, rolcti1'18 to dofondP..nts antccodonts; (4) where tli.c sontoricc is nc.nifootly ox.co- soivc, or lini011t ~uf.cstly · encl uhroaaoncbl.o, tcl<cn or basod 011 m-o1,e 1n.•Ltioiploa. I t1.r.l not J)::."'Ol)OCd.l'lg' to l)C c:i±...--,t:.stivo at nli in· ocntj.ainG ·b.o . cbovo. '\ ·--:: '. But r,t tJ:o Sr.TIO t inc, it iG not n oontr--.diction to ecy, ·;:--,11.d add, tr.t tl::.c oontonc.o i;:.1poood; ( 1) b.nn to rofl.oct t!::•.o so:douonosa of to · offence che.±god, to J):i.-o;:1oto :rospoct fo:r tho li::i'T 2,nd t;:i.o institution e.o.r.1i11iatori.--,e it c.J.1cl to p:rovido juot punioh:1011t fo:.;__ th? offcnoo (b) it !le.a to bo coooonm.1.rr,,to u:i.t.-'l crinincl. oulpc..bilit: 1 c1ooonotre:tod by 011 "! 'I. .! . ' f• t n Lzo •. Dorl of cccusodJ ( o )/ to cfford ad.qua.to dotor:;:-onco to crininr,.l coi.1dt'!Ct, and it he.a to be •"l-ir.wd •i,,t. nroteetina · • · ( d) f.., : . ... - tr.::o pbl"ic :t'r0!1-lu.rtl.lr crinco 1.r.r t:i.o .:.cct,nod. . In ttls oci..so, considorii"'lG t;J.2,t, tho offence wao the 'brcJ..n o!.:i.ild froo t!..o oroc,a.. . j .. . I 1J.)all.11t, considori11g l:!.ow· he lcbourod not only to roc;cuit otb.01'a, b\1.t / , cl.so to ·:proour0-onts for '\heft, considor hou l'o ccnpc.rzy nni1t)8c,... . • . Au-11-e.tte:-c i-t: is • · · :,•. · · .. ·1·:-:- uo11t cooporctod r.nd tho- .Polioo of:f'ioioncy/1· S..o.JL.Ot.r 1i-:.,,t 1i:E.0'1ohto-•'.. . . t.: r ncine r,ocoso ienorcd t:.i.o scriouonoss of tho of-tcnoo, · tho culpability ;· · ·;1 .. 11itL1. its att'b ill tho □ rl.ttor pronoditct.od 11roocss,a11d sooidinl in- . · f:.. ,,, toosts ✓ In t!::.:,,t sonco nild. to thn.t .oat-Ont-,.... cl. tl.1.0ucJ.1 the crootWl'olln.nt . • ,1-1. is n firot off ondor 1 t:10 role pl~.yod by hitJ. :iJ:i t:·:o ·coor.1iosio11 of t~,.is off 01100, Md the cirotUoi;(11."'.}COS of tho co.no ocl-1 for n. roln.tivoly atiffor ~- .. s01.--rtoi1c,( 1 tiw.n · s.uch-ma.l. lnbou.r - for si:z:. uonths. 'A/J. C'l.tC!::. co:uor100 _: .. ., .. ., 7 a1.mot bo set "'sido if ocI•vod tho croDOJ..lo.nt sorvo c, sontonco _,., 12 montho. in additio::. ., ' . _..: '1-- ' 0 ·-·········· . The ;o.P.:P'o e.a:>;i;>PJJ.'l is horo'by vlowca.. ~ . ,,..., .-------- . -·--- ··- ··- ~~ - i ./ // -~---'- ... ~-/10... • ·;1 ./ ·1 7 . 1· . . -:--, I· < -~ .. l 1 ...

jf-,lr.•: ~ • '-J•' . . . " / II • ., . :; - Dolivcrcd thio ~ . . . . ' ' . ,. . A!lf.fNZh ;_ MT1!1i .u..l • /199- • ·:.f 't, 10 .. .... .,-. .. d&Y' of, \JY1;1;· 199·1. ,:-, '-: .... · •,:.< E. li' •.. KATITI -ll; . - I l1.-::r01jy c0rtify tJ."'.o.t, this is n truv 001w of .. tha oricin;: .. 1, /~~-:.. .. · · ·· · · · 1m ' , ... · · ~ · ·, ~ . D.I.. ;T.,.cl-.,,. .-.~:hLT .. :...:.i. J.f.J.:.l\2A . ~-:· , ' .-. ·. ' . ...--- ·---- • : ? ~ ·-----...... , ''--:: -,_ ,, . ....................... _ ·• . r. :-·- '\ ~- - ,-,.