Republic vs Kinsingiro Abdallah and Others (Criminal Sessions Case No. 110 of 1988) [1990] TZHC 596 (14 December 1990)

I -.;.{·· '\ '\ '· - ,,·' / / --,· /.✓, /,,, .j.. ~ -·~ f. .- - ,, '() I, ~Gt= ,,- ~ . " ,J u..S I I Ct·-._ s m. , ·-IN TE:E IIIGR COUR!' OF T.ANZli.iJLt .A.T MUSOM.A- . ______ :-=----·•:...- --- ------ ____ ,,,.._,,,,. -' ORIGINAL-.J1JRI;IDWI'IOlL----- ------··· (Mwanza jtlegistry) ··--<' . -~ .. \ . \ . :::- .. -.: :..., .:L., '~ /( CRLi:mAL SESSIONS CASE No. 11G o,·_1908 _ ''- . :,, ' ... ,.,. . \ ,-. J .( , .. / f -1 I.'- ~ ... •· v::-. . ' ..... _.t .. ,.,.;, __ __,,.-. ( The Republic ,,,,. ·-. ". __.41;. ., . versus ___ .,,- "---- t;

• • --"'------·. r· - . . f •. \ ,f' 1o K1NSDifGL10" .Afm1rJ,.iIB ··f~ . ' \ -. . ... , ... ., .. · 2 Mir..~ s/o mD.ALw· ·-- ... __ ··(-- ·>·,!.(_ ,~ / -·--"-'· • 4',')., • J. --.,- • ····-: ,.·.• f ·/. / ;->.~- . ·-- -·-·: ----- . .,....::__ 3- MGM-i.BO, S O 1-TL,LIKANA: , -:", . ,./ ' ...... ~ ··; '· ~. ! .rt .. ..,.,,, \ It., .... ,,. ....... , , (, • ,/· •. v . ' r' ... / .. ,J U D G :M: E 1 T ,---::,·::'. - 1 .' · bl , __ ,... / .·•... / ,. .. ". ,';· , , ... r>,i \ .· I • I . , . . '• ' •• . .-1';.,l~ ·:-.,. ___ t~~J-f.:-' .,.,,., .. ---;. . ., .. ;-;}f,,';.:,-. ✓ --~~-< .. !,:. '·, ···-< Th accuse~ r.ilc, s/o -df.),llah. ~d ~4gc:i.Jo-~~M·110r0il'lD,:f·i;e~\9•:·e -· ---· teforx1 ~ as 0. 2nd.e;ooused a;nd 3r...,~~c.cused :i}GS:Pi'Vel-tand __ ~~- ---- : with ~~·-offeuc·e oj .. il€l1Slaughtt:3f•Contlf- to GOctiQrl"'195 of i;j:e P:.:ial:--eo71A"a-<( - · ~ ff/ 4./ ~ ,; I ,I -. : ' ~ • ... ',, .• •• ••• ••••- .... ,:t.,, •• I •.,..•• •• ... _ , .. fier~.tre OJi~~~~~::thrre adeus- ed._ on t:.e OD-~~~~~ or•infol'!ilt,tiol _The . t:::.i}:-hei:gorl -vt;fo '"l(~_j,'}sinciro.:a/ ci).hq:a.'i.lah. 4lld.~t].1i_s' 1-taS .-the 1st 8,0CU'3ea.. Kibsing)l?,. :~1Jdalf:h h0H;Ve; 'pe,~~c\ g¥1f,$~~e· · ci~;ge on the 30tl: of lfovemlfer when tho ·0ss.e- oame. .'P for plea bofoie't]],j.a.Qourt. :G:e u.:s c.ccol\d.i:ngly.- • ··-. " ... ,•· f • "" 4 ..,:/' ,.. , ooi,cied ~ s0ntc1100d·-:-";c ;rea.rs ..... irop:rison1aGi1t! 'f.:.1e. presc1t s,coJ.S~>-· ... persons did not ;10":.,d {.;Llii t;;r ind hen~e this trial. · .. ·;:. . ' . .,., - . . · 10 po.:rtict:..1n:;•s of th charge .a1~~-.:t1.;:,t 01t d;, 1Jilt"-tb.c. )3-t:·-- d,\T of . 1i8).·c); 1987, at. Is011;y0 village ·witl;in--1i~~---f Ser~~:i. .• .n l,1a.J:a R0 gio~~- · t:.:o three of them d.5.a. u.i'llawfully kill tJq de_coasM., ]fic~.ftU'u .J ci;:a_s~ . · ' ' . "'- There is no d.is:-i:mte in this oaso tt.2,t 1;Ec acoased H 2i'u;;."l-t J - 10S As -------- The two c,ocusccl ::.,'VO mainta:u1cd · their J>: .. , of not ;;uil ty toil:.o ()&~~ • , I -- -· -- -dovii:e·-·-'l'b.-o--·fa-ct- olis --dea.th..-:wss. oru;i__of...tl.,,e .t .. ..:h£l.t 1las recotdGd. to 'be . - \ ---- . '' ' -- tmd.isputcd at tl,o prGli.minaxy he;;,ring of t]lis oasc which1re,s.90F.i.1.: .d under the provisions of section 192 of tho Grim:i11ai Proooduro - . ~~~dir1g I \ - ·-. to the post mo:r:tom :i.'Ol)orl which was produe(}d ~1d admitted as ,ftcb. P1 wj!tm · . . . ' . ,' /"...... - . ----- .. . .; · t10 1st accused i)lo,dod guilty to tho cllc -11 tho-30t:b.: of· P,W6ir,1cj? 1988, tle docQ.sed cu.use of death was conccolod l.1,10:rrhc:ge. ,. TJ.1</ still'.12~~ of t;e l .O.:,)O t d t . d .b . . ht ,:~ i.. t ________ 1~1d.. .. a:~~ t _ ,,:tl~~. ccn?,O -us .. ilC- :, Y?--'!. qi1Fg;-:: .9-'fA-.,-.x..: _ ~~-.-::-: .. -.
• laco:.:z,tod wound 4 x. 3.5 :x: 1o5 an over mid interscaulc.r region,_ ho _ Doctor also found cru:9ty-s0matous mass on loft loucr ribs _( 10th, 1·th alf(l. 12th i•ibs 1 . distended a1)domcn w:i th raputrod s:9lcon. Thero ,.;;:f.i'°bloq_d iJ.1t · ' - ' t:ie abdomcnal· en.vi~-. --, ·--- . . On this evidouoc I am tl.1oroforc- Sc,tis:fiod t:.t the doccc.sod-l'.LJ,furu··· · · ' J cJ,,os is iJ.1dccd doad .. 1d. that 1::.o died a violent · dc0,th. . ;-:, ,.•i/' 0 ,,,,.-'"-..· \ . , ·.' , :J:- r- 'i , . ,... •°lil: ·, ---f,.. :•- .,,- -:.,)'. ...... _,:}, ' ' ....... ,,\ \ ..... _(. .. ..,. ,,,. . I "" I . ' ,11, i ,l ·---·-···· .. --· .... ._., .. • •, ' ' ·,. ' ' '\ : ·.L:ii;. f., ·,, ..

2 - · It .is the· :)losocution cnso that tho tuo o.causod togctl:m:· 1;:i;th tho than 1st accused Kinsingiro AbdallaJ1 jointly caused tho doceo.sod • s death unlmrf1.llly. ·· They ~~-ewe called a total of Uu•oo ,-,i tnosses. One Julius· Cho.cha testified as Pw.1. Ho is a militfa.rnD.l'l c.,.'1.d. tho militiaman inche.rgc in ,his Ward. It was his evidence that ho know tho two accused as uell as Kinsingiro Abd.alloJ.1 bcfoc tLis incident. They £l..I'Q his f'ellou ville.go nw,tcs. And that ho too was his. villcgc mat a. It was his evidence that on tho 1st or I.Ic..:,:-ch 1987, ho wont to Isscmyc M2.1--lcet place to bi.:g some ·food. ' .. And thc.1.t while at the so.id nm.rkot, at 0,°Jout 11 m. Ki::1.si:'){;iro Abdallah cnme l.'L'l'llUrJ.:i to the llk.'7.I'kct :;_1lt1;ce. Ho was com:i.l,g from tt.o diredion of a loc2.l poobo s;:-.op which is sitv 70 tocl noo.r tho m:..;rkct, The . sid ICinsir1 0 iJfo Abdallah 112,s clso sweeting. PW., 1 tl:.01 asked him ns to uhy Lo 1r1f; ::i:.>tmning 2nd it was his ovidcnco thc,,t ho (Ki.nsingiro . the :whom · told him that lie 1mg looking for Ldoco<'<sod L b.e clnimod kid stole11 his noncy S11s.160/a::.. ii.!1d tl1.o..t the· doco2.scd stole this money fi,am bim ::,s they uere plring tl::.o :-:;::.i.mc of wrastling ct tho :,om'bo s:1op area.. . - . :went . • . . _ Tl.us in tness Lon to_ say that as they were tclking, tho doconsed pa~~fd lJy, ho was going .:.-..bout his own business. ,., _ ,,•:''L. :._.! __ ..... '.. · ·. · •Kinsingucr li.1Jc1.--,J.la.h tl10n followed hir:1 Lim demc::,ndcd his monoy. from · '·,. !:.im. The docQ,),HOd Loucvor ·denied to he,vc to,kon it. It wod p;:?llCCX Kinsingiro ,Abct.tllcl.1. "iT:·,s not pcrsLl,2,dc?,·· or co1Y1Tincod by ·tho deconsod I s donids. 'He seized him by tho 00112..r 0£:,his sl.:.irt and boat Lim -with v. fist 011 tlio ohost. T!10 two then got hod of or,cl. 1 • ot!1or and 1rr-estlod 2.nd tJ.::c,t tl:'.e deco2,sod foll down Kinsingiro Abdc7llDJ.2. ::lo did not . ,·. / howovo:t' continue to b.old ICinsingi:ro ..ibdcJ.lcl1 ¢i. tho groui1d 1 ho lot him f:reo. And t:1.r,t ns tho clcco2.sod 1:-r:,s letting Kii1s~:if;iI'O Abdc'"'.-112.h f;;eo 1 tho ,3.i.""'d . . • . . . / E),1:•!A:f nccti.s0d :P.-Igo,bo Wo,lilcr.1l1c:. OJ.'rived nt the: sceno 1 1.nd ho stro.ight I.. mmt o.nd . . ·., kickod tho docee.sod with his leg 9n the loft :;:,j_1J :region. It uo.s ft:irtller. \ - . / PW. 1 'G · ovidcnco tLc,t ns the d,ooec,sod: uc.s. i11 tl10 pr0.coss of' f:.:ili:. dovm as . I . . . o, :rcsul t of the 3rcl o..ocusGd' s assault on l:ir:1,. tho 2nd acct.i,sed rii12, .i'l..bdall-..h O.::..":i:'ived nt the soonc, . e.il4. ho· got ltld of tho dooensoc. f'rom "bo:.:Lnd. and th.row him dol'n-i. · And. :f'u:;t]1.m.; 1lul:e tho; deceased rv.s still lying do;vm r;.c"tcr Milo. . . . . . I . ·•-•;--,Abdallql:J. 1 s ntmr,ul t 01 him, his sJstor (Mn..,) dso onao to tl:o scono a..1d _· ... · beat- _th_d..ecQ,Mod n"lt.:.1 .. a.d.ry p~~ 0£ 1rood ·1102..r his shouidoi-.' 1)lo,do 0

• Tho people ;,...~~d th_en iy{'torvenea..· It u::-..s his ovidonco t~:.e.t ho took tho deceased gsido and Kins~iro bda.lloh i:-r:10 still we,i.:tcd to :right on wa.s tclton by D 0 udi lY"lc,riyinja PW. 2. . 11.s tho doconsod. looked injured and he told him tb.nt he u:::.s :fooling some pr.ins in tb.e ri1J region, ho took hi.E. to tl10 noo..rby Police Post whore l:i.o 1-res issued ,6..tl: PF3 ::-,,nd tl:oroc,ftor ~:c :o:Joo:;.•otod him to 1o)itcl • •

3 - his evidence It w:- .. s L thc.,t he 10,tcr loarnod tl10 clocoa.scd died on tllc 13th of Mc.rch 1988. Ho contended th,-;,t the dococ,nod had no oppo1't1.,1;.μ ty to o.soa.ult a;.-iy of tho r.,0ct1.God pcsonf3. c,nd tl:oy ,;ore 1Jor· .. tins Lim jointly. (Tfo • .1.ikuwa. 1-w.nor-- ncl1r..ngi2.)0 L,.-1_cl t>.,,t Kinsigiro Jbdc.'lllcJ::.., c.nd Nln. .. ':.bdcllr.J.i - tto 2nd 2.oc:uscd c.ro f1.,1ll 1J:,:,ot:1orso Kinoingiio ,\lJdcllc,h is tho yol.lll{jOl, b:;::-ot;.1or of tho 2nd accusode l...nd tL.o 3rd accused ?Jec,bo uood to wclk lli t2 ti.10 two brci:1ors tho.t is Ki:risincii•o Abd.n.llah a,nd J~illa i:.od.2..lln!,. And fUJ..---tLcr Eg;.,bo - 3rd <-1,ccuood ,ms u:i.tJ.-:. J\Iila AlJd.alld1 w:wn tJ::.oy· sa.u Kinsi.."'lgiro Lbdclleh fighting . t 1 t' d ,:i P1 2 D ua.· r • . .. • . · ' • ' t' t s1 ir.L .w. ..:ic occnoo.,,. . 1• , n 1 I-,nJ:1Y1l1\f[, ~~ .. s ruruu.ng .c.11s OJ."O ,.or s 1op which is situ._..,tcd c.t tho seid mr:J?kct place w2011 this incident :ppcnod:.. .. It nas his evidence· t:1n,t ct cbout 12. '!f.) wLilo ,,t the sl:.op l-:.c s:1.u people rv.11.'1i11g tonr.rds u p'..:::ticulo.r direction ct t:10 nrkot place. .Lnd tb...'7.t ho too went to tb,,t s--2ot r:-,nd. found pcoplo fis::ti.:1g. .il.J.1d. thoco 1:oro Kinsi11giro Abdo.llcl: and tho docc2.sod.. Re found tLorr. on to grcmnd and t'.:o d.ccoasod wo.s on to:p of Kinoiri&i.i'.'Oe But somobou Ki1"s:i.neiro pod to mo.nucvcr:i.nd 8.!ld wont on top of tho dccoascd r:!.l1d stc,;od tho head 2.l1d cl!.ost • ~ .. boa.till{?;' him uitJ.::. fists on .l'..nd thnt Lo 1.;ont n.nd intervened. llc tool-: tho · doco2,sod. c;.1d ru:; ho Wc:1::3 lo2.d:i.11g l:.im ,'.,:-2r f:rom tho scene of tho fi:;>t,. tho 3rd. accused c;:,10 Md kicked- him wi-tl?. Lia log on tho loft rib i'CJ{;io:1" Accord:'c11g to lrl.m-tho · :people who bcr,t tLo docoa.sod e:.r-o Kinsil'.'l{;li,o 2nd tl:o 3rd 2,ccu.sod. But he l::.ouovor r.&,i ttod t:t- .. d uhc:.1 ]1c ,,;;.:::•ivod. c:.t the o<;:onc o-£ the fig;:;.t, tl::.o fig},.t ):.;,,d otartod 2.nd th2.t tJ::.o dooocsod 1-.c.s clro2.cly 'blooding from his mouth r,nd :;,1oso and that l::.o lookod oX:::>.2.ustod. And t7:c,t PYT1 later took tho docoasod to tl10 Police Post. Cpl. Srceuol -;r.::s tl".o third and lr.,st ritnoss for tho p::.:·osccutio1 It ncs his tvidonoc tJc,t on tl.:.c 12th of lii 2 rcL 1 1987, tho dococsod ts fo..tl:.0r · 0110 J rJnos Lul-;:'l,u'l[;'U come c.nd J:oportod to him t!::.Gt llis oon, t1.:.c doooc.sod ,m.s boo..tcn on tho 1st of Merel: 1987 c-md thr:.t L.o -;,·r,s · sick. On receipt of this infoJ.'Dation, ho 1,e::1t to tho homo of t:.::.c docoasoa. and l1ad opporlt:1u. ty to tcl.k to him. Tl:_o dococ.sod told him t7.:.c1t :.:.c ,m.s foolirig sharp pc.inc on tho loft rib region. /,.nd thnt ho cxrn,1i;1od that D..rcn and ho st,w it wns swollen and looked ble,ckish. The docccsod cl.so told him that he !:.c.d. sustained some b1"uiocs on his fncc, but he never omJ them. TI-.::oy 1rm::e not visibl nt the tine. Tho ·doccnscd nar:1cd tho thre0 e..cousod, tI:;1.t is, Kisiiuirieiro Abdallv.h 2 .. nd tl10 present ,:-,ccusod r;:..s hr:..vi11g boon his c,osailants. IIo c.lso told him th2,t tho oause o-.1 tho incident 1ms KinGinGiro 's allegation tl,.z.t ho had td<on or stolon l:.is money. It wns Lis cvidonco that thorcnftor lie took do11m a str;toncnt from tho dooc2,s0d and wI:.id.:i. tho dooonsod sie;ncd c.:i:"licr 110 had rend it b2,ok to him. Ho I>roduocd ·tho stc.tomont nnd it w2.s adri1ittod c,s Exhibit P2.

4 It iT.J. □ "thor his ovidonco thd tho dococsod ·n:pok0 oohoJ.:•rontly end flu011ly dtt.-:i~ thnt · intorviou. On _to folJ.9-wi.ng mornirig, houovcr, at about· 4 B.m. relatives of· tho docon.sod uont ro.1d info:ti:nod hir.1 tha.t tho doconsod hnd died. Bo 'was i;old tLit he died nt about 3 a.me i. c. · 13th 1{iarch, ,:1987. In his eyirig dcclaro.t ion, tl:..o doco_asod n0Do d tho throe accused as tho persons wl:o c,ss2,ul tod him. lmd named tl:o 11c1,tui•c of th0 asonul t::: which oacll one of tLou inflict cd- on him. Thie mF..rkcd t::::..o end of ttc p:rosocuio~~ . '.:f'ter bd.11& addressed in to:ri:1s of section 293 of tl:o CPL, tho aocUsod persons oloctcd to givo ovidonoo 011 oath and on.ch had one witness to coll. J3oth of t:.,.01:1 denied not only to lic:."vo pn...,...-ticipatod in asos-,ultfrig tho doc02.s0d but nlso to J.1c..vc boon anywhere ncr-..r tho scone of tho incictont. Tl:c 2nd o.ccusod for OXl,qple, contended t_hc1t ho w2.o c.lJout· nine :miles air8Jr· ·:from the r:10.:rkot pl2.co wl.:oro t:1.0 incident 1::npponoa.. Eo w2,s out g.rnzi11g his 02-ttlo 1-ri tll one Sr:J:>da Tnreta. Ile called tto o;:tld Sa:;:>ota. Tc.r0t:1 ns his witr...oso. J;nd tlus 1tlt,1oss su:/por_tod. the 2nd accuncd storyo :<He nlno ola.if.?od tbat Pl'f.1, Jl_-1).ius Cb.8,cha [,'2,vo false tootir;ion,y_ Ciri.ir:.st ):!..im o,s .th.ore is e, grudge o:x:isti11g between t>.crj. I:Ie contond.od tho.t PU. 1 stole . wd ho report od him - to a. lonl o,ut2101.i t--.1 ( Jnd.i) • H 0 _ otl:orwi_so hc,d no .grv.dgo m.th the doc<:s,.sed w·.o ,ms n f1i0nd. of his_J 1 c:>tm,::-or brother Kim:d1y_,;i:i.,o. lmd that ;10 docs not believe tL...,,t fu:::':.:Lbi t P. 2, , is .tho atntcr.1ont of tho docc::;.sod. It must bo o.. rosulj; of tl-..o work of PTI.3. ~ . ,; . ,,. .The 3J_,d accus0d clso denied to he.vc gone to the mc;rlwt ple .. oo ,on the mato:do.l dcJ·• Ho claimed tl.::..1t ho spent tho dey working in -t;:oir cotton _sL2i1'ba uith his ootLor, Ny2J1gi l•io1cw. wl-..ora he clod as witness to su:_o;ort hG _l:"',lilliq :Bol: loc-.rncd Counsels for the dofonce, tl::,at is, Mrs. Uc:.L1t1.i.1Z2, for tho 2l::,d. accused- p.nd M,.>. Kata'lml 1m. for: t1.o 3:.:d accused, contqndod t.:.,r:,t tl:..e case; 2,go.ilwt tho n.cc:uscd hzi!. not boon proved. 1:Irs. Wc-J:1tt.1za, lo2.I'l.1od Cot.msol for tllo 2nd c,cousod co1tcndcd tb.n.t PW1 rrao not a ::.--olio,blo wi tncss. ./l,J.1d tl:n.t. PH. 2 - did not 1acntio11 tho 2nd n.ccu43cd. And :f'urthm:- tl::2.t tho decoasod ayi,.ig declaration oould not 1.lo :eolicd upon wi t!:out . oorrobortivc ovidonoo. Thero uas also conflicts irith 1--cgard. to tho ne-,tuxe of tl:o assaults tl:o 2nd o.ccusod is said to lu'.vo inflicted o"n deceased bot1-10en PW'.1 a..'1d tho dying doclr-.:.:-c..tion. The ccse against t:.:-.o 2nd accused 1-ms thorcfoZ'.c not prov.ea.. ~ . • -~ r . _. 1-Ir. ;Ko.tabo.J:wa, -Icb.rnod Co,unsol for tho 3rd a.ccuscct, ·contended 011 llis pc.rt· that t!10 injurios tl:at t~10·. deceasod suffcrod mc.1.Y J.12,vc b0~~1 sust£1.inod dur:i.11& tho w:rostli11g i3'/:'eG he hcd with Ki110ir3giro l1bd2.J.lal1 ea.:dier in the day. It wr,s elso his submission thc,t there was no common intention in this ..

5 J..clchossi:ng himself' spoci:fica.lly to tho· er.so fo'l: t;.e 3rd a.ceusoa., Mr. K"tr)Jr.:l,m contono,.ed tLd tLoro is \conflicts in tLo to:rtimoey of PH1, PW. 2 n11d tho dying::dcclc.3:'a.tion a...r1d tJint thcr:fo 6011::i:;.icts n.ccoi'di.:1g to h:in suggoctod tl'.nt tho .i,mrolvenont of tho 3rd accused in t::is incident 'm.'..s in dottbt. . . On tho other l:w.1d ib:. Sorieoro, loarncd ·Sk:,tc ".-tto:rncy 2..l'BUcd tl:.2.t t!J.o er.co ,:,s2,i:1at both a.ccusod voroons Lad boon proved beyond ro2.so11n,blo · doubt. H 0 rofo1::z.,od to tho oviclonco of Pw.1, PW2, a.nd tb.o 1i11t:.s docl2 .. ratio11. It w2.s 1::.is ottbt:ioion ·t7;'..<1,t P1v.1 was a rolir..blo 1ntnGss. · .,,"'.,nd :·10 1;;;:s :present froQ tl:o bo5i111u.11g ui...:i to tho ond of tLo :i.11cido,.1t. And tllr,;t P:"i2 e.:;::,:dvod at tho scene af"iicir t:.:..o incident Lr,.,cl stc.rtocl., :x.1d tl::is l:o contoj_1dod ox;pldns tho dispnrity 1)ct119011 his tostir.10:t\Y ancl t!·,.::·,t ol PW.1. l..nd thd tL.ooo disp;-:-,ri tics uo.re in ti;..,y co..so ninor. Tl:o docoasod' s dyi1if; ·clocl::-xntion clso clo::::uly s.'.:i.ows t:nt the tuo accusoc1. po:i.sons uorc not 0111;,;- prosent at tl".o scono "but t:.io;y- fully J),,:;.:-tioii:-ctod in bc2,th1c or nssnuJ.ti11c_; :::i..t;i. Ho 8.lso.arguecl t)T,t tI-:m:.-o w .. s 001::10011 intention Ho rofOJ.'::cd to tho case of R v :8US.'.J30 :MPJ:K.t.N! 1967 ri. Co Lo 390 and to tho ca.so of OlCL'rE KYJJ.,EBI V IL 194 ( 8) Et .. G.t 78. / .. nd. on t:_o issue t;:_e,t p:r·oooncoivod eo.ooi::ont 1Jct·ueon the ::pr-...,'71iios is not nccossro';y fo: t:.o cxistonco of co;3,1oi1 intc1tfon, Lo refer :od to t>o cs.so of TJ...BUL .. :YENKL s/o KIRYL. & OT.:::;:rras V t, 1943 ( 10) E.'.C.t .. 51. · It ,?2B :findly lllr. Sol'l{;oro I s subuissions t:at t::o clcfoilco sto.c:t 1:c,s not true 2.ncl it was r.. deli bore.to lio on tl,0 prw:-t of tl-:.o r:.counod pm:s011s, · 2, lie clcsi5necl to ;_iiclo tho truth and to c1.o:fcr .. t· tl:.o ends o:f jmticc in t):c.is 02.se. · I St.'nnCd up tI:o oc-,so to tho gentl econ assor:mo:c'S 2,t tho end of Counool 's submission, end t:-;oy wo10 botl: of tho ui.12.nimouo _:·pi,:rl.011 tk:.t tLo 2nd · accu.scd i:,n.s not guil t;-r ·d.:o:co.-:1.s tl:c 3rd cccuscd 1,-.,s Gt:il ty c-,s cl::.nrgod. · It is 2,p_pnxcnt f:con t: .o review of tllo cane c,s cu:tlinod 2,bovo t::2.t t'"cro aro t:.·.:.,eo important issues t::nt :1;:- .. vc to be rosolyocl in tLis cnse. TLm ... o is firstly, t>.e inst.lo of_ tho alibi t>-t Lr-..o boon :i:D,isod· ¼r t1~•-0 ,. accused in tl:.oir rospoctivo clofonco. TL.ore is t::cm'l tho q_u.ostion \rl.~ctLor or not tho 2,ccuscd persons p,'.?liicipdcd in .2.scavJ. tirl;.'J t:.:cc dccoc,sod. And thi:-.:-dly, if t:·.i.: tuo accused persons c'.icl iri.c1.oc(l. pc,.rticip2,tc :i.11 :.:scnul ti1-ic- tllo clooeasoa., uLnt tl:.on ir:i t:o ont of t:1cir 01ii:d.l'lc'.l fosponibili t;r joL1tl3r r/t!11d sovcr'aJ.l;/, t::c2.t is if , ui th rog_,Q to tLo doa..tl: of t:o, doconsoi:l. On the alibi, both ccctl3cd hnvo contended t'.:c,t t;:'.o;y' •;,ere nowl:c:::o :1ocu: the scone of t::.o incident. If I rJf.\Y start wi t1:. t'.:.o 2nd nccw.rnd, J,Iilo.. 1Jx:nlle~~ li 0 Lr1s oontc:.1dod tl:nt on tl:e m:itoricl dn;/ ho "ii2s,s out grezing thci:!.• 02.ttlo, in t._G bt1s!: I fron ce.xly in r:::orning tT? to nbout 6 P• □• wl:on ho :eoturnod home. ..".ncl t::nt w:ilc out in tho ficlcl. .sr-t,zirie his cattle, l:c mot Sor2.to T2Xot2, w].:o 1r.:,s cJ.so gre,zil !J.io ce.ttlo .:-,nc1. tb::::I; t:::i.oy tooncd up and G:i.",.,,zcd their ohttlo tocotl:cr.

6 Sorotr1 TO,.J:ota whoo ):c cc.;Llod ns lis in. tncss · f.lt!j_1po:doa_ tlis contention,. On t:.10. other hc.i.--1c.l t:10rc is the cviclcncc of nr. 1 Julius Chncl:.c to the effect t::c.t tho 2nd ~~cousoc1. 1ras not only present a'!; ocono on the r:;.c,tc:rial dcy, 1mt l:.o p2.rticipc.tccl b assu.ul tincr tho dccoasqc... T!_i.o ui tnoss conto1"2ct:::, the 2nd cccuscd wr.s wall lc:.101m to scr.1c vill.-.go 0 TLoro is t:::.on t1:o cl,-:,rin 15 dccl11!'c.tion of t;.:.o clooonood. Totlri1Jits P2. ht tl:rt sk.tc1;10nt tLo c1.occr:.sod not only 11t!lilOS tho 2nc1 r-,ccuscd to :nvo 110011 I)resont .. 1Jut cl so to ht.Vo esscx.J. tee. hio. I !:o..vc carefully co;.-i:::idorod ··, >is ovid.onco a.nd I om of tho viou t::n.t tl:.o 2nd 2.0cv..sod wr'-S p:r-csc:1t d t:::.o ocono. PW.1 know t::c 2nd c.ccu.socl T:·oll 2.ncl tho i11cia_o;.1t h..1.ppcnod i:: Jro;:;cl de ligLt, there' C<"..:.:not t:.:oofo:i.'C ho 2i1 iscru.o of r:1:i.otnlco:1 id0nti t:, 1,:c1 P1·i.1 obntonds that tl:.c 2ncl · c,ccurrnd .-1c:.s pI'ooont. PW1 1 doc 2,cco:c'dinG to Lis O'"viJoncc uns pJ:oscnt riS:.:.t f:.:>orJ tLc ote..rt of t::.c incident. I )::2,vo soon t:j_o witness_ t·.,stitJ- 2.ncl ho iup1°cor;od □ c to 1Jc c t:.:ut::i"'ul irllnoss. Tl:c contention of t!:o 2nd 8-Ccusod to the effect t21r.,t t>.oro wno r. :;1'udg0 bctuoon tl:..or.1, tJ.:1:-.t p).'Oi:.!:_)tccl PW1 to falooly t:.ccusocl 2no. :i.mplicv.to 1.im i.n this onoo cct1ot in tlJT vj_ow bo t1"t.10. This ru.logcd 5:rnc1Jo -:•ms not for c:::.,:Dl)lc spoc:U'ioelly rai □ oc1. 1:Jy t::.o 2nd ncousod u;on F:•:-1 ·t;c;otj_fiod. IT 0 o,r.10 to 1ciso it only in dofonco, k1101-1:L:1g vcr vcll PW1 woulc.- : .. c·o no o:pportuni ty~ to clocy it. It· is true P:72 cli.J. not n0nti1n the 2nd nccv.cod., But 1:c die not t,l·so spocif'ioolly saJr tLct JG:.: .. :i 2r1cl o.ccuscd wc.s not }.)I'Oso;.1t. T:oro uo1·c r.12.J.zy- people nt t: :o i;.1cidont n.ncl :o n:·· vocy woli 1·:.;vo not seen t:.:o 2nd n.ocusocl 1.Jocr,use of tL2,tci .'jl1d in z;n:y · co.ao, ::.o -...:r.rivod E,.t tho scene iLcn tLc fiGI::t b1cl boon goil"lg' on fo:£' somotimo. I &1 t!1.oroforc inolinqd to r,oc0pt and (SO b:7· t::.o ovidcnco of P-ff1 · uho ,;c..s :present ric{.:.t :io-n tho beginning of' t:.o incident; i;to .:,.s r.1:ra;::.c.ly inclicdod I en cJ.so odiGfied· t!12.t l.:.o had no :roi'.aon to lie .::g::.inst tLo 2nd 8,COUSCd cs wall r-.s tl::.o 3rd accused. . T1 ore is t:.:.on tl:c d.ccoc:-,sod t:10 clccle:,·2-tion in i'lLich tho doccr--.,sod l1c'1.00S 1:io to :--.;.;c been 2Xounc. r,11d ix:·,,:'tici:f!a.tocl in essc;ul.till(; ::io. Tl:c c1ooonscd clci.ns to ho.vo lmmll 1ua m?Jd.Jlm,· c.ncl. 1:c ( docoascd) m::.o o. f3.:'iond of the them lot c:,,cct1..sod Kinsingiro .ilbcloJ.lo.h tl:.o 2ncl 2,ocuaod' 8 brotl:o:r. T>.is fact l".l.3.s been r:iI.::i ttoc. by tho 2nd c.ccjtl1Jcd ill tis dofcnoo. Tho dooor,sad could not thcrofor0 '..:mo liod ,:go.inst 1:im 1fc11 ho p_Cntionod 1:.im in l:is ot;:,.tonont. ,.I clo not cJ.so iJolicvo ttc 2nd ::-,001.--.socl I s contontiop t!10,t P·r3 lf.fJ:scljr :iopli6itod l:.io i1tilo 1l:c'iting ho cloco:-,ood 1 s stdccffi1t. I ho,vo clso .:'CO.Cl Ex.11. P. 2 the gonc::,:-2J. (.',CC0U..'1t of - tl:.o doccc..sod in tl:.c.t st2.tomcnt tcllic:J 1rit2 t:.10 account of PW.1; 1x:·:1.vt:lculnrly ,n.tt !'O..sc.rd to ::ow tho qua.rrol r:.ncl fi@1t bctuoon hit1 r.nd KiGi:$ir Abdallah cano 0,'bout • . l'i.nd PW. 3 nas not l)riv";y· to t:.:osc dctailo before :-..in interview ui t1:'. tl-:.o docoo.sod . ' on tl:.o 12th of r[r.,ro::.. Re ::.c,d not before thd visit boon involved in t:·.is 02.Goe H_0 could. not t::.c:..•cfo:i.::i 112:vo in.flu.oncod t:o rui: u.ncl contents of tho doccasod' s stc:-,tor::cnt ::i,s t: .. o 2nd o.cct.'IJ3od i;s well :·, □ t>o 3rd c.ccuscd porsona scened to cont end in t: ,cu~ i.·cspo cti vc clofcncc • •

7 I en auv.ro, J_jc.,rtici,13.x- 02:,ution nu.st be ox.orcisod 1-tl1on docliJ.1g -:ri. th n d;iil~-do'clnrc.tlon. .. l3ti·r I ['I.1 inclined to tl::c vic1r tl,r,t tl.'.is po.rticulclI' ---.cJJ,-iiij·-a.-ocl£i.I'ttt,ion · c..."'lct on tJ..liG particuli..i-: i13nuc oo\ild bo .relied on r.,s t1w-· · clccor:.scd know tho 2llc'i. 2,ccuncd 2,s well t-,:3 tl:.c 3rd 2.ccuscd -ri'f ·o..nc1 tlo ·· i11cctici1t l1.;"l,ppenod in lJ::.,02,c.l day light •. lll1d tho c.locoasccl was in position .. . .. . __ .. ..:· ncco:,:,di11(J to Prf. 3 to. spcdt col:.crontly ui th gooc1.. :rocollcction of tho--ev.ont ___ .,__. I ·,. of the incident when his st2,tor:1ont was rocoI:d.cc1. .'.:.ncl in c.ny cvci:.t, t::is dyi.1)8 dcolc;•:r,ti,:m is au_p:po::::.i;od and corr·::>borntcd in DY vi01-1 "iri t.t :rog8J:d to tho issv..c of tho 2nd eccurmc.1 pi•osc11co a.t tho scone b~- cY:i.deaco and tostir.101w of PT-!1 - 1-i.:icl: I he,ve 2.cco11toa_. _ Tl:oro is then t1,o 2nQ ,ccuscd alibi 1t.:.:i.cl:- J2avo found. clifficul t to e:.cccpt r.ncl I rnn sutisfi:;d t.'.::,t i-t-: is 10t true cnd for a nu:ibor of ran.sons. Fi]:stly, tho alibi 'ii2,S not 1'.G.iGcd cluri113_ t·.o j?l'OSocution 02.00. It 1ms

• r-,lso J..';isoJ. co1:1plctol;r°·in contrc.vcntion of. t}::.o :prov:i.sion of sotion 194( 4) (5) or·: t:.10 Ci•ininal PI'occc1..i.."..l'O /ct 0 /,.ncl tl:et if' it L0cl .booi.1 true, ::,o woulc1- not l:c:vo wc.i tcci to rdso· it C>D.l~~ a.t Lio trinl 2:.ncl o1l;r in ]:.is dcfonco. Eis i-n.tnoos S;,,rot2., T 3 rotr. olciuocl tl::.,-:,,t Lo hoo. no Oj_);?o~:,tnrit;;- to give his story in SUJ.)po~.•t of 2rid i:.ccusecl' s ali lJi - bofo:ro J:is c.p110.:,:.:-;1ncc in Cot.tc-t ,s ~ 1r.ib.10s0. · Tl:is cc.,."1."'10t be true. In r,....:Y view if tho 2nd 2.,cotuJocl c..libi woro true c,.1.1.d bF..:.d tJ.:.;:-.t ldncl of f:iu:ppo:ct, of' :.·,is wi tnoss, ho uoulcl not '.;,:,vc w,,,i t eel fa:,• t:.:.ct 101~ . . /one ti ·•t to ;:•o,iso a.nd rm.real it. ll.nd he would he.vc _ ,-to 2.11,7 rolov2,11t 2,v. .2oz,i •ios · 1 before his e.p1)02.rn.nco i1 Court. fo:r l:is trial p2.1--tictD.r.:-ly bocauno il:o cl:.:.c';.l'g'e ., , ... · levelled 2,;3ainst . tl.:.ct.,. is serious. I will torcfo:;;o in to1.1:::s of ooction 194( 6) ucco:i..•d· no uoigLt to it. It is in DY v'i.011 .:111 a.1:Jsoluto lio. Ontl:.is ovido:100, I C'I1 thcrc:foro sn.tisfioc:. t>.:::.t tl:.o 2nd 2.cct.1.'3od 1;..1,s ·at tl::.o scone. On the 3rd n.cc-uscc1 1 uhc-..t I l::.avo said above id t:C. :i. .. ogard. to tto 2nd. l'tlm1 cccuscc.1., e,pplicd to t).'.c case of the 3rd e.ccuscd ·;:d. t: rog8.J?d to U.c i'ssuo of :_l:io :;_J::ros01100 d tho pccnc on tt.2,t natorinl. c1.':JI-• T:.10:i.o is to begin 1-li th, t1:o ovidc.11c0 of P'."11_ c.:1d P1I2 1JL0 llot:"c l;:.1ow- t!:o 3rci_ (.7.CCll.Sod. /JJ.1e: tl:c::>o is t]:on tl1e dying clocl2.1•2,tio;,1 of t~~c clococ,00a.. RB . · .. _ .. clain tll.2.t l:e w2.s not kJ.101m to the ,c. tnoosos ·coimot bo __ t cs Lo never i•n.isocl this to the 1litno □ s lrl:.:cn t:10y tootif'iod. J3oth of t:.:011, p:·!1 & PU2 clearly stctcd t>:3t tl::oy knew him ueil. On tt.o contention tl:-.at PW.3 :f.:J.soly inplic.,,tod hin in thtl dying cloclc-ic,tj_o11-, I cannot but I'Ofor to t:·:o obscrvo.tion I l:;\Yo naclo in ros:poct of tho 02:.so of tho ai,a. accused r A . ~ en tus issue. .. P:·i• 3 could ·;1;t have been priv-y to the clotc:i,j.ls contained ~ . . in E:ld.i. P. 2 with 1•cgc.rd to tho inciclont o.s 1-...o h™-1.. not boon invol vod oi .. concerned. 1ri. th tho incic.lont before ho ,;rent to inte:.."Viow the dccccsod. f~'l'J.d 110 ~ir,d no real rc2.s011 i11 LlY opinion to inplic2.to t!~c c,oouscd in tl:is netter.

8 ,,;. And lilco iri the· on.so of t:.c 2nd aecusocl, tJ.:.o r,li"bi of the 3rd .. nccus0tLis c;tso not true. I clo 1iot boliovo tl:at if t::.is olibi uoro true J.:is - . . r:iothcr uhon 210 ccllocl n.a Lia witness would. l:2,vo failed to i-oioo it. to t:io Polieo or _to mw otl1or autliori ty ec:\1'ly r,s soon _a..s tho· or.so c-.roso. I do n·ot tl:il1k: s!:,o uovJ.(1 :.12.vc we,i tod to 12:isc it in Court, t:.J.o 3rd r.,ccu.secl being l::.or ow11 son a.nd !:.o:i: fi:;;,st c·iid for ttc,t nattor. This o.libi is in u;c view · and it · :be not t:ruo_b.s not _entitled to£ivc11 row uoigl:.t c..t .cJ.1. · 1,.."1d. I will oo trod it. I o.n t: ;us 011 this cviclcnco sr,,tisficd. tLat tho 3i•d a.ccusod ims c.lso pi•osont at tl'.o sccmo. T1:c i1ox.--t .issuo fo1 oo:wiclc:.::'ction is whether or nc-t t;io two accusocl persons ].)C:Licipntcd in c.cmnt-.J.til'lB' t:o doccasocl. TLoro is agaii1 on t::is issue n,ncl ,011 tho pG.:;:'t of .t:-.c 2ncl accusod 9 tl:.o ovid.m100 of P1·! 0 1 a.ncl tl:e dooco.scd ct:i.ng c.cola.rctio11 Po2• i~ceo:,:,cl.irJJ to P1'T 1, t~.:.o 2ncl c-,ccusod. .i.sso.ul tocl tLo dooo2.scd ,-i:wn Lo .uc:.s in tl·sc i,x·occss of fo.llil'.lG ;::rte:-.:- tho 3rd aocv4cibd 1 s ki'ck on I·.is loft rib rce;io11- · IIo :.old b.im fror.1 1Jo:.'.i1.cl Dnd th:;;cw l.lir:i do1rm. 'l1'.:e::i.'O :hr_ wo.s 0011sclio:i:'2,1)lo d.inJ..lmic;o dt_L :rogo.rd to tl:.c e:r::dibility of this witness, :t'ron tLo c!ofo:20,. porliclD.wi:l;r b?causo :P;·!• 2 l".ic;. -not r1cntion tl::o 2nd ao_enscd cs h.:.virig boon. present _ ct ·t;:,o'• scone. I ].;::-vo or:J..'Cfully cons'fa.o:rod t:_is n2.ttor, o.nd c:;s I have cl:i.,op,c1.J" s2.icl, this 1ri tncss :i.i:1pr0Gsod r.10 to be r, 1-r.i. t;.1oss of trutb.. 1'.i1e1 in r.(l opinion t:b.o cli::ipc,ri ty 1l0t1rocn l'.'.3,o _ te:stii:1onr c.:l1d t: .d. of P:J'. 2, _ oct:ld be · · . . tt~)on 1-Jhich . · 0::.1Jluinoc:. on tI:o f2,ct. tJ:.e.t t~ .o events t:::ey sew a11cJl t! ,c;/ iiOl'G tcstifj,•ing ::,1Jott 1mrc not st,i.ti() wJ::.cn t:.,ol }1..:)ponod. .l.nd it cro1 i;cp.Gono.1Jl;y be in£orrccl. rol!l tl:.o oviC.cncc c,dducca., t~~r-.:t t>.oro wc:re nr.riy pooplci .. o.rot111(l c.ncl ti:.cr; ·r.rut . . l:,.nvc 1Jco:;.1 t--, lot of r.1ovoconts. So 11L2,t ono srnT n0Y not nccoosc1rly be u:.:r,t anotJ:-.or J?m:,son snw or so.11 111.tl:, t!lo G,.1r10 pr0oisio11. .Ancl 2,3c,in r:.s cJ.:;:-crAJ;· , sc.ic1 PW. 2 8Z:dvcd nt the scone wLon tho figl:t llotuoon tb.c (1ocoo.soci" nnd t\10 t~,c...½. 1st ,.,ccu.socl ::,eel boon go"ing on for sooc tirlc~ It was fo:· =c..r.,plc his mris.01100 thc..t >.c found the docoe,ooc urn hlroG,dy blooding frat: U.s r.1oti_tI1 c,nc! nose. It is tLorofoI'c [J;'f co;.:i.oicltl:i."Od opinion tlco.0,!-1 •cclible u:i:tiicss and I 110t1lc.l c;o by his aceoimt on this iaouo. J-.i1a ·it in in tLis cont o:i,...--t tl:&.t I, <lo not on r.1;r pc.1"1i ::::co tho obs·orvo,tion of the cloec::,scd in l:is dyirig · doolr.=,:-dio11 t-:nt· tho 2nd o.bou::;ocl kicked hir.1 wi tlr his l&; 'to ·be c. n2:.joJ:> conflict.· T .. , , ..is . , , ,.. o po 1r-1c.t.L,ron..i. .· _ .• '-/ . thi _ . . . ..-;:. . in . s ·s1gm.f1.,cr:i.ntLco..sc is {. t1::.e q ucst ii.en tl.:c.t c.licl t!1c 2nd - ! nccuso<.1 assa1.1.l t · tho clccoesccl. iiJ.1d on the cviclcncc df P1-T. 1 <1,."ld ,t!10 clococ:::oci ri,r. ,..,.,.,. d cl .... ti n ·of t 1 ~ . ~ 1 -1.· 1, • • ,, p· 0 .-I- 0( 0 ,,.-~ ·pc-T 1 I ,-,-1 o-f tl:o u;j 1..-0 , o o.,. c.. o ,.:c CLc.coapocL w •.. C-- 10 s .. -:J? 1:,., ·~ ,.,,1_ "• _ , · .. :.i.. sottlocl opinio21 tl:n.t the 2nc1.. :-,ocw.::iod clid. cssaul t" the c''..oect~scc. ._, I L'lJ also sdisficcl fror:1 t!:.o evidence of P1T1 1 P:T2 ;:,;.10. tl:o dccc2,s0d dyil'JB' c'LooJ.2..o-:-i:-:,tion tbit tl:.c 3:1xl t..ccuscd cUcl o,ssnt1.l t tl:c ·(10002.soc.. Tb.1;r cloccasotl CQ"ir)8 clocl2.ration u.:-,s SUJ?l)O!'tod by tho cvidonco of thcso wi tncsscs. (

' ... 9 I hc.vc cl:1:cr,cl.7 cliacuasod tho -·cli;;:1:Jili ty of tl:o cloco<1,soc,l. nt-tooont 11 In tl:o f60 ' cotu•so of t):ds judgnont, I clo not tLo:•ofo:ro noocl toL 010-,: tLio 2g2.i11 Lore. Thero is clso tlw. comluct of' tw 2,ocusod persons t::--:.2,t in, t!:o denial to hnvo boon ;:..t tl10 oconoo I b::.vo founc7. for t]o roe.sons o:. 1 }1cinocl a)Jovo t!;c:.t t!:;.oy wore d t~::.o accnc. If t:.oir p1•00onco t~:oro hr,d bcion i:mocont wl:.y c:.01v to hevo boon tJ101,o. Both i.,ccu.sccl clicl tl:•.orcfv:-i:-o j_n ny vim, pP.Xticipc-,to in ::,oor;1.::l tine; t1.:c ctoco2,sod.o It is t~~o contention of t!::.c :x1:osocution th;;,t t~:·.o tuo toct1.Scd c.,"":o roopono:i.ble; fo:e tho c7.cc1th of t:.c cloccasocl 1-u1c'.or tl:o tl:o")J..'Y of coDnon intention. But po;;::.,cl)S boforo I c-,c7.(7.:;]o3s nrsolf to tLis ii:;stw, ld ;::io clod ui t]::. t?.-o isouo It:. Ir2.tr1X\hra lov..Inr;<'~ Co1..w.1nol for tho 3rcl c.:cov ◄ -Socl ,bod, c.nd. t::·.r,t is, tl::.o clocoGoccl r.r.-:.Y have sti.stcinoc: t):o injtU'J' tl:,t let to >.:i.o do--.th cluril"JG t::o 1 wrostlirJG ·Lj,'I:.10 '. :o J_::.ad nit:: t:o t'.:.on 1st c,ccUGccl KioirJG:l.rn li.k7:.c,.1lcl.1. (' I )::.;:,vo consiclorod t}:.5.c iDrJt'..O n.nd I r.rJ of tl:.o viC't, t>.:: .. t on tho oviclo:-2O0 o-Z P!·r.1 t>.d ,r::c,s not tLo c.:--. □ o.. Lcco:.:clin{; to t>ia .-Ji t:.100::i, tho docccood was al:riG':::.t uhon ho r.1ot tLcn, i. oo PT·J.1 2.nc.l ·ti.on lot c,cml.<Jocl, I in thor0fo:ro of tl::.o opi:rl.011 t::r.:t it is t1::.o inju:dos Lo sustdnoc1 ;:-,t t: .. o :.:1arkct plccc in . ,, t!:.o cosc ·of t/10 figtt tl.:.2,t loct to l-'-io c.ct,i:!~ lmd t:.is dso soorSs ioplict in t::c r:.:o,.:01,,:.11c!.tl:.1 of i:10,tto:rn not inclisi)utc wLich w:::-,o c"'..o:,c:j1n1 ,:-,t tlo pi·clic:1.n::.-...i:J l::.02.Til'JB• I-t; lT2,fJ r:i.grcod 1..-von tLd t'.·:o doccasocl not n violo~:i.-b clo2..tL. In r. 1 .Y view tr2:nt u2.a oonto~.1platocl in t:.d obsc:;:-vr.tion wore tl:o ;:,,som-J.ts t!:.nt -wc:ro noted on tJ::o d.oconsod in tho oot:.1,00 of tho fi3Lt c,t tto rn:.:rkot plo.co. As to t!:.o c:;.-tont of t:.:o tuo !.ocusoc1 1 s crir:iind lfr:.bili t;;· in tl:.i:J 02.1,io, the J?:l'030ct:.tion n.s Glroaey obso:LT\i·oc.1 contend tJ.--..at, Kinsingiro Abc.2J.lcJ:1, tho t;::.on 1st ,.,ccusocl in tlis tt.o;/ ,"20 tocot'l:- .. or CJ."e cr,00,L :,:,os:::ionsiblo clocoasocl I s c1od:. unc"'..or t: .. o cloct:}i10 of oo:mon into11tiQ11.e with· for t'. .. o T]:::.o doct:;:-ino of oorn::ion intoation is :providocl fo1.· 1.1..11.c:.o:r section 23 of' tho ponr:l Cou.o. lmcl wLo:l'c it io 0Gt2,1Jlisl:ot:, tl:.on t::.o tuo o:-: nore a.ccu:::;ocl pcrnons iir-rolvocl oxc door:ocl to :,.E',VO each con:::ittod t1:.o o:i::f01:co in quootion. · It is cloo true ao it i',:',S clocirlod in tLo or,so of TLJIQr..,:JENIU. s/o KIR'..'."L \ . .i..ND ar:c:i:m.s, for coru:.1011 intention to o,pply, -it is not ncccssn.:;.·,·J tLat tl'.cl'o cu::rc L2.vc been c. oonoei--ted cgroor.:ont in 2.c:.Vol1co botwuon the ccctmocl. CornJon intention cotu.c. bo inf'o:;..':roc1- :.'0::.1 t'.·;c proao1co, · 2.otion ot o o:e: t:10 2.ccusccl • \ I Tl::.c)issv.c t;"orofofo is, clL'.. ()O.Gnon intcnti·Jl'l utot·. ·t bct"ireon tho ncousol 1 in tt-is 'b.,sc. ' I l:.;;,;vo cc.:rofully consic1...:;::oc1. t::.is issue encl .I en of t:10 considorod opinion t:.:r,t it dicl.. oxisi t in t:::.is cnsc. f..c.cnittocUy tLe fight stc-..:1-tccl · off wi tl: Kinsingiro l:.1Jc"'..cllcl1, tl:-.o 1st aocusoc1- in t::o inforr.1ction c..ncl tho docoo.secl. ~10· r,octmo(l po:;..,sons t1:-.on cor.10

10 their and joinocl in. Auel fron tl::o 11d1.u:-o of tl!.eir joinir.ig in 1 2;.u7-br;1"ticj_p2,t:i.on as it cro1 be s:.:..tl:crod fron tto tostioocy- of p:·:1, t::oy clic1 in 1:-;,r view ·ewe in to :.:clp Kinsil'.lgiro Abc1-cll2J, in bccting the clcccnoocle T;:oy clic;. not cone in to intorvono and sottlo tLo qtt..,1.i'cl or figl:.t ao P1J1 Mc':. ot'.:cr :people for OX-Dnl)lo {li ..'ccorcli113 to PW1 1 t!o_o 3rcl acou.sccl co.no c,nd stra,igl:tmicy kickoc: tl::o clocoasocl ui tl:. l:is lo_s· on his rib region. .L.11c:. 1Lon :c was 2,bout to fall clo,m - tho 2nd a.co,1oocl joined i11 b-.f J.:olc1..irig Lin !:'.oc bohind 8l1c1.. t:.u:01tlric hin d.01.rnc Ln<l. tLon tl:o aistcr of tlo · 2ncl accused, 1eLo c,cco::.:-cli11g to tho is c.:-,lloc't Doto, wao ir:-,cli:·,tcl;i-- at Lane;., end struck tl::o cloco2.soct ,r.i th ,., ch .... / ·iroocl on tI:o s?1ouJ.clor. T: .. J.r.: scgy.onco of events is clso 1Jo:'110 out in tl:o cloco1,soc1' s dyiri..g 1.l0cl2.ratiori. TJ.o f~"'..ct. tl:.at, t10 t"t-ro n.cct1..'3Gc.l j oi110c1 .. in to t.011) ICi::.1r.:d-:1L;•i1-io i11 bc2.,ti1.1t3' t:i.o cloco2,sccl_6~ ny opinion Given croclcncc by the fnct t::.c,t t:o 2nd aocuscc1. is tt.o olc.1.02 tJ:..:ot.or of Ki:.1SiDGiro 1:.bc1allo.1.:. TLo 31'cl ::cov .. socl' 0,cco.rd.iric to PW. 1 cr.::nc ·ui t!: t1:.o 2ncl c..ccv.::iecl. 1,.nc1 he ( 3::rcl accu.r-;cc.1.) usoc. to wr.lk r,,bout uith tLom.1 t1-10 ')rot>ors. TJ:m:o is clso tl::o .,p_r..1."ticipc,.tion of t: c 2ncl 2,ccuood I s oistors. This t~::orcforc loc,·,;,-os 1:10 in no doubt t?'.at, tl:.:..--,t uG.s J:)tn:'poso of tl::o two c.ccv.zoc.l' 0 intor'J"o1tfon D.I'l.cl pcrticipation in tLic ficb.t. Tl::.,,t is, to help KL1si1¥-;il :,bc:.2.llo:h in ~.:is fitf:.t wi tl:: o c1..oconsoc.l. PW •. 1 for oxur.:1,lc dso oci.c':. in :.is tostiooxcy· -1;:;,c,t V::.o clccouscd "l::.ac: no o:;,,i)O:·.:tt1j_t;y to 0,Eiso,v.lt mv of tl-:c 2,consoc'. c.s tl::.c;y- ·irOl'o hc,:,ting b.in jointly. Ctc.,.l:il::E,,c, wG.nencl:-.c:.nci0)e 0 t ' i . ~c·, 0 ! :--n ·'G".•·.·.0. 0 .• ~0 .• fo·,~o of tLc: VJ'.nn t;:;r>,t t'.'.0 t1ro ,"'., .. COl'"'OCl fo:;:.-.oa. n ----S cv::t(. !.C , ~ . .. • ·'-" ...., and clovolo:J-cc1- a oor.mon intontio;.1 toe.other ,rith Ki1isin,-;-L"O to boc,t tho c:.oco.'.',socl .and :,,Lon tJ".o;;· ;:,;!.--;;;ivod at tho· scone r.J1c1 cr:,w tzo fight. Tl:oir c.otiol'l<z..conc'.uot · c:-t the nocno doos il.1 r.Q. v"ior :fc,.ll ·ui t:.in the pi1rvicw of section 23 of tl:.0 Pcn ... :l Coc!.o. I dso L:.:;Vo no dotJJt on t:.J.o ovidcnco cclduo0d. t}:.c;t ·t:.6 L":.ocooocd diod C,S 2, J.:0st.11 t of tl:.oso i:'.SS~•,uJ. ts. Ti:ou,sh it W01.ll(i. F:',:)j)O~:;:.i.' to L1G f:ron t)::.o ,9 cvic1.onoo c,dclucocl in :pe..rtict1L'.J..', :i:'roi:1 tho contents of tLo post Dortoo. ropo1.--t 1!2Jd.1• P.1 t::.c.t t!10 3rcl n.ccL-..socl r.w,y !12:ve struck, tLc fr,tnl lJlou, encl: one of t:.:.on, inolu.c.li11G Kinailigiro vt!O yloc,dod guilty~ to t1:e .cl"-2;1~co is domccl to h<'.VO cc,unccl t120 doccnsocl •·s c.loo.tl:·.. Ec.cli of tl::.o □ is tJ::orofol"c C:L'iDinclly responsible for his clcntl.:.. unlmr.ful. /iJ.1cl tho killine of the c.0002,sccl wr,s in n.Y opiru.o,- I cr.1 t1:.c:1:ofo1•0 n t:::io mridpce r,.ncl ui th res-poet . to t)::.o (5 ontlc.::on 2.soossos who ,-roro of .tl:o · w.1,:,;:1indur:! opinion tb1t tho 2nd e,cctis0d 1rari .. .. . -,i- . ~ ·, guilt;/, fsntisfiocl on,b pr.rt .ttd' t!:c cr,so 1o, boon pI'b'f9c1. beyond r0Mo11..~blc .' .} . doubt cgeinst both -.::.ocusoa. I wotilc.1 c:-J1cl clo 1lc-i,oby t1:c:ro:fo:ro find. botl. -of t!\or:. guilty of tLc o:ffonco of r.:c.l1slc.tt;t:.to.r as cJ:tu.rgoc:. 8 .. nc:. I convict then nccorc'..:.1-igly O r J'UIX}E =--www. ----- 14./12/90.

I 11 The 2.001.1..Sccl is 2. first 6ffcncloi•o J3ut. ·,m cc..11 f-ox ociio,.-,s sontonoc. tLoy attcckod. 't1.'..o dccoc-,ood o"crcilossly in a. 1,ublic plc,co. •. •' 0 ff cnclCl"-!30 iii ror.m.11c.1.. for t·no J"Or-..J:•s no .offcnco d:.011 to;y- were out Tloy closorv-c loruonc;y-8 T:.:.in is IT.., SilCU1,E . J"(J])J}J Ttoy iiOl'O I !·2,vo coar,dc1.o:eccl Gll tLd l.:2,0 been srdcl in Di tiGdi:J11 -in pC,rt.icul·GJ.• :tI:..o fo,ct lil-.ct t:;.a 2.q91.1..sod a:ro fi:i:ot offonC .. crs. J~ t:,:r.,t. t~:,oy 13t::,:__roct in '.L'ODc-.ncl for two ;/01.o,1•0 1:lo:foro tLoy nore rolo,,sod 011 :.1;i1. .D.11/!. tJ· . .-,t t:·.o;:-- COi.IDi ttccl no offence .,.{:.ilc cmt 0!.1 bail., But t!:,c 2."lit0clC . . Oll tLc clcce:r-.od [')j_)On.7.'S to l.t2,vc boon oovc;;.•c• Ancl t'..iis•· k:foa of bcLc.-vi.otu• i..1U.'3t be clj.oc<:>U2c.::;oclo :i.f'tcr tddn.g into ,,ccount all thooo fnctoro I 1°.ol"C°iJ~· _-scmtqnco 00..0 1 \ o.cc1..1apd to (4) four Z'"O'C'J:'S i::.1p~dso111."1cnto• 1'·•. '."" 1·lo l1, ~IillCU:f.,Ji! JUJXIB 14/12/94 J1JIXJE 14/12/900 f.1 /