Republic vs Kashindye Daudi (Criminal Sessions Case No 83 of 1987) [1990] TZHC 175 (10 December 1990)

1conosso, J. 29 - ll '1:HE HIGH COURT OF TAEZAJHA \\L. AT T.A:BORA ORIGINAL JURISDICTIOU ,· (Tabora Registry) CllHilNA.L s:::,;3SI0HS C,'.'i.S::J NOo 83 OF 1987 , TlL.i i""JJP1Ii3LIC Versus KASHI1IDYJ DAUDI The Accused in tl1is case stands· charged with the offence -of mu:rd.er c/ s 196 of the Penal Code · Cap •. 16. It has been allged t_lat the Accused, om KA.SllDIDl'E S/0 DAUDI mu.mered the Deceased, one NGD'MA n/o UKOBELWA on 12/9/86, in the village of Kagongwa Kahama District, Shinyangt?- Region. The prosecution calle~ four witnesses one of the witnesses was pne No. B.4240D/gt. Dau.di (P.W.1)., He testified that on 15/9/86 he was at the police station of Kn.ha.ma when the Accused was brotight at the police station suspected of haV:i.ng committed the offence of murder Po W~ 1 proceeded I 10 to rearrest the Accused a:i:1d them reliewd the members of thQ traditional guard 20 commonly referred to-as "SttngllSUllt,"U. 1 or Wasalama. P .. Wo 1 took the Accused in his office in which he ct about interrogating the Accused. Iri the course of the intcrrovation, PoW 1 realised that tho Accused was essentially confessing commission of the offo·nce. , · Po W., 1, tho ref ore, decided to record a cautioned statement. PoHoJ told tho 'Accused that he co·ud make a statement to him if ho .. wanted to and that a:n;y' ·statement ho happened to Inako would bo usod in ,: .. · ovidencci-. at his trial sh01.ilcl tho need ever arise. Tho .Accused having expressed . his wiliingnoss to m2.k:e ~ statement: P. lL .. 1 p:rocoodod to record tho .i..ccv . .sod 1 s ii- ,,I - . statement. In his statemo1t tho 11ccusod vohmtarily confessed killing tho Doccasoa_ by tho ·use of a 1 panga 1 • Tho .ll.ccusod told Po W.1 that ho had mu.rdoro,.d 30• ,_ .... · tho Docoasod in order to rnvongo against tho Docoasod' s unclo, who had somotimo back 1 falsely reported him to 'tho I Sunc,,usl .. m.gut as being a thief so that ho was / ' . :rmnishod. PoWo 1 went on. t~ tos·bify that besides the confession, tho Aocvsed had also offered ·to {so and· show PoWo 1 tho place uhoro ho had hidden the t panga' • With that revelation, P. W .1 drove to tho Village of Kc..gongwa in Company of some ' . ey police officer o..nd tho .A.caused. (lln a1°rival a_t tho village, P.'li.1 was joinodtr tho Wai'd Secretary (P.W.2) ·and ·tho village Chai:rmart (P.w.,3). ·Tho Accused led ii . • them to tho house of his father uhe:ro he entered follmrod by P .. W.1 and· others.

--~~ ·, - /. .... '-------·-', _ __ J-.-c-· Inside the house of· tho Accuscd 1 s father, P. Wo 1 and tho Uard Secretary as well I o.s others witnessed tho Accused picked. up the panga whore he had hidden it -under tho cooking utensils. ·Tho Accused again confessed to r.U.1 in tho prosenco of ·tho Wa1'Cl Secretary tl10.t tho pemga picked up in tho sitting room of his fathor 1 s house was tho vorzy one ' pc.nga' that ho had used in slashing tho DocoG,sod to death P.W.1 asked tho Accu.sod c.s to how came that tho 'pangal had rio blood stain on it. Tho Accused allegedly rovoalod_ that ho had 1mshod off tho blood ?TI th1) 'pa:r1o'J'8. 1 . in a :pool in tho field. P,Wo1 produced tho ooniossional .. siiatcillont __ 1rb.icb._J:ID.S ____ _ admi ttod in ovidonoo ancl mo.rkod Exl10 P. 1, Anothorwitnossos was one Samuel IUolwn (r.n2). P.W.2 tostifiod that ho 10 knows tho Accused as being a rosido11t of tho village of Kagongwn, Kahruna District. Ho wont on to depose that at tb.o time in g_1,,1.ostion ho uas tho Ward Secretary of Isagchc, ICahama Dist.1ict. Ho· recalled on 16/9/86 when tho \cousod. together 11::.. th another suspoct wo:ro -brou.t to his office as suspects of an offence of mu.roar. : .. ftor ho had ro.coivod tho .1'.1.ccuscd and another suspect, 'ho first· visi tr)d tho scone where ho witnessed tho Doooc...socl. having died ih tho field uith out.wound on tho I body. P ~ W. 2 roturno·d to , the , offi co who 1'0 started to into r-.roga c tho Ac cusod i. Bof o rn he wrote any statement of tho Accused, ho fol t satisifiod' that tho Accused was in his normd.l condi tiono Pe W o 2 as sured tho Aoct1sed tha.t the li.ccusod 1ns then before him, tho JUl:ltico of tho Peace a:1Cl. that tl1e J.ccusod wn.s free to make a state•- 20 mont if ho wantede Ro however, wa.1---nod tho ,.\ccusod that if ho mnde any statement tho same would bo used at tho trial should tho need arise. Tho Accused told P, We 2 that <; ho ·,mntod to mako u statcmonto At :tho very outset _of his stato11cnt tho Accused so.id that ho fol t sorry that hb had ldllod tho Docoasod, ai absolutely innoconii person. Thol.coused told PoU"2 that ho hnd ki.llod the Deceased because of his onomity with tho Dooo·asod ts uncle uho had sometime back falsely reported. him as G, . . .-·, thief to tho mornbori:{ of tho 'tro.di tioni.1,l gu...1.1-u commonly being rofor:rod to o.s Sungu.sungu or IT.:.salnma so that ho wD.:s punished. P.U.2 wont on to a.w:r that ho uas pxoscnt at tho villo..go. of Y..ngongtra when -tho Accused produced a t 1x::.nga' ho ho.d personally hidden in tho house of hio :t;nthor. P.. W., 2, simil:::.rly, hoc.rd tho Accv.sod publicly confess that ho hG.d. used tho t po.,nge, 1 produced in tho house of his athor in slashing tho Dooonsod to doa.th PW .. 2 prod"i.1.ood the c.0nfossional sto:toraont which was o.d.mittcd in cvidonoo and r:mrkcd Exl1bP.2., .lrlothor -witness was one Joseph Kae,uso (.E .. 1L,J). _ Ho affinnod that 110 was a poasalTt resident of Ka.gongwn Villa.go. Ho said tho l:i.cousod was also a rosidont of Kagong,m villa.go I{o stated on o. cc:rta.in ::.light ho got informed· that tho Docon.scd was m.issingc, On tho follmdng dc.y 1 ho o.ttond..od..n_JllOoting. 30

On his l"Oturn at 4,.00. p.mc 1 ho wa,s i:nforaod that tho once missing_ girl hn.d boon found dond. in tho field. Po W o 3 wont to the soono who1"0 ho f 01,md tlw Di vis,ional Socrcta.:i.y, tho Tfa:r-c.l Soo1ct0,ry o,hd tho vill2.e,um., Ho nloo sau tho boc.y of tho Doco- 1 a.sea. J.mving ou.t uou.nds o:c tho how, neck [.,:x: on the loft shov.ldoro The .tcousod then tho contro of suspicion, us u:r:rostocl about 6.,00 :P<>m,, a,;.'1.d thon s011t to the Nru:tl .Socrotn.ry ui thout being aosaultod o:r mishandlodo Giving ovidonco in. dofcnoci? tho Accused doi1iod tho ohargo 1 in toto\ He do;posod th2.,t uhon tho o.,larE1 .112.s nC1d.o ho :;:-ospondod br going thoro and a.otua.lly participa.tod in tho search c,:1c1 •UJ timo.,to discovery of the body of tho Dccoa,sod fou.ncl ft,ing in tho fioldo Ho am, tho. Dococ.soc;. l10.:ving cut fovnds on tb.o body., Thd Jwcusod n.d.mi ttcd -tb..D,t SillJ:'.)t.ixao h::u:k he 112.CL boon suspected in tho villa.go n.s ) ho,ving boo11 rosponsi blo fo:c the theft of goods of the villago shopo Tb.a :caused " . denied ho -was c. thief <'Xlcl tho;t ncv,n· hr:1.s boon c thief o Tho villD.i:,crcrs had forced him to c6J.'l.foss stealing tho viilo.,.zo shop pro:po:"t;'.lo Tho villa.gos had ihrcatcnod to isol2.to tho Accussou. m1el hie fr,thor ·if l10 stu1:i";Jornil3, d.oniod rosponsibli ty for tho theft. · I,'acod ui th ti-mt throat tho "...ccusod lmd roluctantl;y- confessed stoalinc; t].10 village . propci-rt·o : t t!10 doc.th of tho Do ceased thoy susp,-)ctod him of being involved because I thoy hcil. cor;io to 1gc-.,rd tho J.ocusod as b,iing I . troublosono o.,nd the. t c..s such tho .t .. cousod was s rnpoctod ,:i,s tho nur.--loror of tho Do oonsocl.. . Tho Accu.sod flatl3 7 c1oniod having ovor cmifossocl to ono Samuel 111ohm (P,:w. 2) ns o.llog-cdly rccoi--dod' in tho statoL1ont 3xhPo 2c Tho Lccusod tos;tifiod tlmt uhc..t Po Wa 2 rooorclocl 01 the docvnont wo.s o.otu.'.:l.ll;y- tho direct product of tho villo. 0 crs 1 report to l,.in Cl.bout tho .cammclo Tho li.ccu.sod c.lso doniod that I ho mcl confossod to. :o/sgt,, Do.Nid (Fo 1-ro 1) •'.:'..S contained in tho docurJo:at (?o 1 ) ,is to tho oonfossionnl sto..tononts tho io,_,usocl refuted tho tostiTJony thu.t ho had confessed killing tho Docoasod., Tho o,')aaood uon:t on to do pose that P. W .1 ho..d roq_vi:rod hir.1 to mr,:o c1, stc:,toDcnt ::.n(l tlnt when ho refused to sc;y nnything! ro W .1 tolcl tho ... 'iccL,sod tJ.1r.t 2io wouid 1-iri to oxr,otly as t10 To.rd SocI'otar" ho..d wri ttoon. PoUo 1 h:J.d likewise roquiTod tho . .:'..e:cusod to sign on. a dom .. nont but tho AccL1sod rofusod.. FoH~ 1 :t·oaotcd ·b;r seizin~ tho Acousod by tho shi:rt .~rid ' ·thoro kicltod tho :ccuscdo After I hnd finis:,. ,d :rcn.din 0 tho sur.1r.1ing'>-•t1.9 1 I inv:i. tod tho two Honourable Assessors to gi vo their ,)pinions on tho co..so Q.fJ o.. ul1olo Tho Honour2.blo Assossom woro cli v:i.docl. ir their ,riowso Tho Honou1.t',blo .ssosso:r who s:poto firGt fol t that tho :.1.cousod ho.d.r ,; t; oonni t tccl tho 2.lloc;od rrurdorc Ho s2-id the. t tho AcoLJ.sod hC!..s boon tho VJ.Lo L,:: f)f founded ru1:1ours c..nd suspicioI:U:l gonoratod by tho vill"'Ors of Kn.gongo..o Ho stn.tccl tho..t LW ~ 1 lmdn• t invostigc.tod tho er.so ·o..ncl thnt he a.otod on aero spoculn.tions,. Ui th respect to tho IIonouroblo ,,. ! 20

if ho believed thc,t FoU .. 1 ho.d ovor gone to I{c.go!lgm1..ui-connoction with this case thon that was part of invQstiigations G Again, tho sane I-Ionouro.bJ..o_.A..s.se.eoor-s.:1,id thnt no~?ody saw the 1oci..1sod /cor.u:ii t tho offence or when ho washed, t1j.1cl i1id the --ga,t ~ In· tho .col:lfos::iio:r;o,l statomoilt D:rll., P" 2. tho Accused hM boon rooo:rdod and hving ,, '· sta.tod to PoW .. 2 that ho hacl been alone when ho comr.1ittod tho raurdor. If tho statement ' Exb.. P.2 is true then nobod.- cou.7-d lmvo tho Accused to anything at n place whore oruiy the sky wc.s tho wi tnoss" tr On tho other hand, tho second Honourable J .. ssossor believed tho oonfosoions tho .ic-cusod nado to P.Wo1 PoWG2 rm:l G.lso tho 0011fosoion nmdo at tho hou$o of tho father . J f tho J;.ccuscd o.ftor producing t!10 r p.:mgo. 1 wore, in his viow, volunnry.. Ho bolcvod 10 that Accused hrui ovor boon D,S•suult tortured mr forced to confess. On ny pn,rt I have cvorJ good roa,son to o.g:roo with tho second Honourable ~~ssossors tlm't tho confo....; ssional statoraont Exb.o Po 1 c.,nd. P ~ 2 we.re volunt11rily raado by tho L.ccusod~ I disr:iiss o.s tibsotulc lies that PoW~ 1 h8.Cl so:Lzod tho Accusocl' s by tho collar of the shirt a.nd then kicked hin 'When tho Accused :rofusod to sign on tho docv.nont. If tho .Accused had tho· misfortune of being assc.ultonistroatcd it would have been when ho was led to P.W.2 and then to P. W .1 by c, n'Uf:lbor of tho members of tho trc.ditionu:1 gt}.ard (1fri,salarna). The Accused denied tho.t ho ).1c.cl been by I Sungusungu' seeing th2. t t110 co:1.fossioruil stn.to11onts Exl.10 Pc 1 011d P. 2 contain confessions which dopiot him indelibly ci,s th0 person solely and dirnctly connected with tho crime of T:11.U'dor ho lms boon trying to 20 move hn.von a.nd earth to discrodi t P. 1{., 1 and Pe 1'f. 2 in tho eyes of the law tho Court ruid the wouldo This is o.n unusual 02-so in which there arc throe confossionse Thora is the confission made to PoWo1o This confession is cocd by.tl:o provisions of section 27 ( 1) (2) (3) of tho Evidence :let. This confession which I fool sa.tisifod was volv.nta.ry, was further corroboro:od by tho .:..ccusod• s subsequent a,ct of voluntarily showingtb.o po.,n,gn ho held used on tho coru:1ission of r.iurdor. Thero is tho confessional statement Exho Pc2 me.do by tho·: .. ccusod to P.w.2, tho Justice of tlo Pee.cc. This . oonfossionc.l statonont Jxh~ Po2 is covered by the provisions of section 28 of tho Evidence Act., I run satisfied tlmt tho confossiono.,1 statonont Exh. P.2 was freely 2 .. nd voluntarly tin.do by tho : .. ccusodo In tho statonont :Cxh. P. 2, tho Accused 3" stated that when cuttinz tho Doco2.sod ui th tho I pango.' ho wo.s alone a,nd was :putting on a blue underwear which was tho one ho hru:l on when r.1a,king tho statement. Thixdly there is tho confession r.mdo by tho :~ccusod to Po Wo 1 in tho innodic.to prcsonco of P.tr.2, tho Justice of Poaco6 Boc2,uso tl10 confession was t1ado in tho prosonoo of P.W,2, tho confession is covered by tho provisions of 'section 28 of tho Evidence Act-o I nm so.tisficd tlmt tho :ccusod 11000 tho conf'ossion freely and voluntarily Tho evidence of PoW..} when tho lccusod told tho Court tho.t ho had faith in hirl, con:f- irmod tho fcJ.ct tlrn.t tho J .. cc-usod hc..d confessed frooly,. ,

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• 3G l Conin& to tho issue. of m,lico a.forethought, tho contonts_.of__j;ho. oonfo.sm.Qllal.·...:---- stn.to1:iont Jxl1, · J?. 2, tho 11.ccusod hc..s boon 1°ocoiuod as ha.ving said that ho h&i seized her (Deceased) and dro,ggod hor into tho bL1.sh whore ho slashed hor on tho nock: 1 chool:,., and shoulder mtil ho :c1c1do su1"0 that, tho girl breathed her last. I c.u sn,tisfiod that t1e circunstancos in this case o..xo covered. by_ tho provisions of section 200 (n) of tho 20;.ml.Cod.e, which define no.lice aforethought. On tho foregone observntions, I would docla.ro tho 1:..cousod guil t:r., I convict the Accused of m.u."Cl.or c/ s 196 of tho Penal Code. Sontoncog L .• a. a. KOI-lOSSO, JUDGEt 10/12j9p. 10 I sc.n:toncc tho lc_cusod to __ doo.th .. · Tho li.cousod shall suffer doa-th. by • fu GoG .. K0110SSOJ JUDGE: 10/12/ 90. I CERTIFY THAT THmllS A TTI.ULJi COPY OF TIDJ JUDGMEI. ' ... <. : . . Qk-(_, DI~TRAR, TABORA •.