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Judgment

"t1 ....... i ii ... p-,~ - ·• : ... ..,. ... -1' .. T TIT T~ ITIGIT COL?..T OF T.\UZ.~TL'i. l!r MW!JTZA ..... ► p-.....- APPTI!LLLT:il J'"u:.l.ISDICTIO:T EIG:J: comT CRIHDT/L ~:!,l'Ji No. 170 OF 1990 (~r.-1-t_,··r:i.ncl Cr:i.J:.1b.2,l C0 □ 0 iTo. 60 o:f 199.0 of tho District Cot'O:'t of ~~-ro District. o,t :e:.•,,J:'8,£,";TO :Cef ores G~~E. HUSS.i 3s.q •. Princ:i.pcl District Nc....gistrt".tc}

TZ/1. n/o IC:..TmB:J..nmr: ) . " , 2e "mT..'Jl.TII D/0 Il.'.XUS ') • • • • • • •• •• • •••• • •••••• •• •• ••• ~ /J??::lI,L.:'.J:rTS · Vorsus T R':l U;:TIT'.'11) rr::rl?tr.'L IC ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• R2JSPO!IDW1T ,JUDQ1'@:1T 110_.&..i. .. Both 0,pp6llnnt o, 'l'horoze. a./o IC..'l.tc'.balirtrn, and Von~~rlh d/o BoJrus, and r.r1othcr pc:::so11 1r~~:i.o wr.o n.cq,uittcd, lli.itim d/o ICi.nc.hoinc, · were jo:intly £'1,r:ra.icnoo r:-.t t;:.o Distr~~ot eoU!'t of Y .... "".I'c~~rn ns tho :r'ir,st_, t1~ Md soeoncl · c-.ootwocls ros-pcotivo1y_, on c, 011...:.rco of'. llil2.1r.f'ul Possession of I.Joshi contrt'.J.'7 to sooti01'l 30 of tho Moshi (nMufGO"i~~o und Distillr.,tion) ::i.ot iTo; 6~~ of 1966 c.s 01.lOllc\od. Upon boinc oonvictc<i°· 2.~ oh,~c;;;icl, t!1c first n:!.)pcllMt 1-r2.s sentenced to ·li\ro ;mcJ.1.Q ioprisonmont, 2.l'lcl t!.10 second n.r,polb.nt to t:l.t:oe :years· inprisol'll'.1ont -. c. soritenco whioh 1•cquirod confircm:tiOlt bt t?.J.is court. 'rhoy felt O{;iovod b.Y 1,oth tho oo:1viotion c..'1d scntoncc, 011d hence this cippocl wl:i,ioh 'tins n.rguod bof0l 1 0 me lJy their lea.med ndvocc.to, Mr. :Sycbuaha, :,.nd. ·. Wl.'t'osistod by tho loamed ate.to o.ttornoy for· tho respondent Republic, Irr. l!m:~~r.'lb orsclo. Tho !:!o.to~~icl foots ostc.blis'lod i.'11 evidence ucro t?.J.nt tho first

0,w,oJ.l.-,,.n,t., TllOl'ui::ih a/ 0 Kn.tcbr..l:b."tm, OJ?OI'l:',tod l1. UW'T shop at his houso nt Kn.;yr:..ue;n villc,c;e in um.ch the E...1¥:_<.1.0cusod, !rd.ithc. clo Kino.JJoino, wee tl1c sJ.101)1::ocpor. In tl10 nor:.1i11c; of -i•il 10th 1990 ct 8 2n t-!ie first a.ppcllc.11t wo11t out. loo.vine his roon 1.mlockcd, ruid told t::o second D.CcusccJ... '.':1dit!lc. to czpoot h0I' sister, t>.o second n.ppcllCJ1t, 't·mo woulcl go there trith sonc l'lJ[•;-;2,.:-;o (bon.ns ). .:'.na incl0ccl shortly theror...:Nior t10 second c.ppc11Qnt 1ro:1t_ to tao house of first ::-Jl:o.ollr..nt 1rith l!, sec:.;: 1i1ioh oontcl.nod unidontii'iccl tltlngs n.nd, 0!1 t:,.o di:;;,ection of tho second o,eousod, put thoo ia tl10 roan of t10 first anncllnnt • ... ~- . • ............ /2.

' l . ' i 2 T1.1 t::.o ::-;t'to:rnoon of t:1~~t so..r20 clr;y, d a.1Jout 2~~30 110~ D/Sgt P'.'.'.tor (:PlT1) end PC_ Co.nci.i~~r.,ct (PW4), 2.L1ol'l(;' otl:o~~ l)olicc officers~ 1-rc11t to tho house o! fil'st ·n:ppclio..nt :for c. se£';,ch ti:go11.·i:.1fomo.tion robo:i."VCci .t::-,.,.".t t:1cro ~~.s rfosh:!. or co11c;o ifao~~ein. J:.t t~:e :lo-..i.so they' found. tho scconcl c.cousod and tho sc..'Conc 1 . tJ)J)eJ.lCJ.1t. Tho fil•st r.11J?olla.n1 wv.s yot to l"ott~--n. Thay suooonoc:1 o, wr•...rcl soc:-i.'otn.r;r (PvT2) c.nc. c ooll load.er, In tho roon of t:'.J.e fit-st cp:r,cliant t!10;'.{ found 2 plr..stio 1Jottlos a.nd one jc1--ry cc.no (:mrl J .. ) uhieb. oontc.inccl 1-h.o.t tho~~r cl0inocl to 1;.:). GOlltJO_ or mos:ii, D/Sgi; Pc~~er (PYM) in ·· po.rtioulr..l' tol(l t:J.o tricl com-+tt J)is (contents of thc_1.J,ottl,013 and tl~~o j c:rry ,O'Y12) 'llt',G fot1nc'.. to be .G_0!1:;G.O. 2op1Jo £'..S I have been O.C~~1.¼,..,~~1tod to sco ·, it• Both tl!o sooond o.ccu.sed. 2.::.1c 1 • t:.w second. appcllnnt clo:1icd. nny kno·w'lcd[;,~~ o.bout tho gongo 1 ['l.ncl 1i1on tho sooo:1,1 accused told t!1ot1 t:Jr..t th.a second C.1)J?ellc:-.nt 1'.ntl tc'..lcan sono lt'l[,\7,C,'O i;1to tho roo □ of tho f±L,st c.ppcllnnt, they r,J.'To □ tccl t:10 second r..:ppollMt n.;.1e1. took hex mmi' ,iit~.1 lxi; J.1. On t~.o 1 :10.~~ to t:'.10 :police sto..tion, tJ~~o;;; Dot the fi:,~~st r..y?cllri..."'lt who cl0.,i.1;1c~~i_ a.:.o ki10lT notJti:.'lG r}.1otrt t'..!o :1~~:-ooonoo of tho lig;i,..1..0~ :b her roon. Sb.o 1r.,o a.'tTostcc:, t'..'tld tho soconci o.ccusoc''c w2.o c'J:'rcstod by PO J0,1.os (PW3) later tho.t clr..~~·· f'ollon:L"'lG o; olc.in 'b3· fil•ot ·::-..}nollc.nt tJmt r::!10 :,.r'.l. left her in _the hom::o. Eot:1 O.J?!)cllnnta :i.11 thoh" clofonco r.t t:'.10 tric.J. do~~1iocl to hc.vo tclcon tho cronao to t:.20 :roan of fir!rl nj_1:)01lr.nt, 2.11c1 they de:1ioc"! OJ.1 .. y kno,-rlodc,""C of its presence t!1aroin. }.ftcr .r.ha.::.1doni1:1g t~.10 t!drt C,Tot111cl of o..ppca.1 1 rir. r,~··'t',~ms.'.ia.' s nr.in . ~~· ./1'. t t • "" . ..i ' ' -- "" ~ 1 ~ , t' "'" t"" c;rotmc:. 0.1. 00:1 on ion, 110 1110~~1 ."JX• 1iu2.:-:1,)os-o c oonocccr., 1r.-,s .. 12..11 ,:.1.oro lrt'l,O . no euffioimi.t ovic1.cnoo t'..ic,t t:.:o stfust£'.1100 in the ;ottlcs encl :i.n the jerry 0y.110 j - • • uce conc;o Ol" nos.11. TTith rcsJ?oot, I fincl t?..:c'"'..t ::..r&1.nent 11011 founc .. od on t:10 fc.cts £'.11cl i11 lrn1, Tho onl;y- 0:.10 iocuo, in r2;7 view, t1pon 1:r..tloh this cppoo.1 nust ·sta.ncl or .foll i □ whether t:'.J.01'0 lr:?,S sufficient ·cviclmoo to justify o, finc1inc t:J.nt t!10 f.',I)r,el19-11ts uo1•0 f ov:ncl · in tmlr.lr.f:u1 poososcion of noshi•' Tho identity o-.r ·tl10 substru1cc fouml in tho bottles. n..--ic'!. in tiw, jerry ot:t.no iTO..S t1oco ot'.t 1:>y D/Sgt Pc.tor (P.:,J'1) 'tr..:o 11rofosr.:of.. oxpoi-.tiso nt, n.nd ozj,orioncc t:1, lc.11c1lil1c m,.1.0!1. r.1['1,tto1·s. :r.1.0wcvor, there lTC!,S no inquiry a.a to :.101-r >.o ooqtdl"ocl his e:x:iJc1•tiso in identifying nosl:.i. Seeton, J. so.id i11 JUI.1('.l'J!~~v J.111'.', _ _ v. R (1968) ITCD .3.0,~~.1 HJl.ttoo:.1.cd to ovcry police rrli0t io11. i:1 t1is country r .. re· t1Stclly one o:.• t110 officoro 1r!.o, b;s,r virtue of t:c:ir cxporionco, r;.:::-o qu.-:,lified tp Uo..-rrtify t!lio liqt!Or ~J;;,- sits-12t ······;·••l3. .._n,. .t

"' "'.". 3 ;.. 0 1' .,,,-1,..ll -i·f 'lot' ~--r t...,,-..:..,... ::;:_:,u"y ... ,,oulrl

μ ... v. ~ ... .1. ,J"' '-'"-"'"'....,O •·- v u...... - so. ot;:,,tc ,;6cl co.J.loc!. to c;ivo ovic:.onco fo:;,• t:c.o prooocv::tion 0 " In t>is ocoo, uo b.r-,vo r.ioroly t~~w bcld stntcnont of PW1 t:.w;t tho subst~~1co ll<',f) gm1co. T:1oro i'lr',s 110 :u1quiry as to how· ho 0,oquirod his ax:pcrl:J.so in ic1.mtify:L11.c gongo~ T! 1 .is cot-n.•t .:.ms sto..tod tines lrit?.1ottf; nunbo;r thv,t trj_cJ. L1c."..(;ist1•dos s.:101.1lcl not be oo:1tont to a.cco:pt br;ro ste,tcDOnt s fron 1dt:i.1cssos 1r20 :?t'!I'"port to ir'.ont~ ✓ conc;-o oitl1or by sic;:,.t o~ snail or tc.ato 1-rithout n.".lc:L"lG 211 :i.nquiI-~~,. .'.\S to :10,;r t:1cy r.,cquir;:)(1 their oxportiso so t21......,t n.J.1 n1)~~1cli2-to dotrl oan foi~~n sonc o:pi.'lion r-,s to t~.10 likelihood of its D,ccurno;y:. T::10 J?rosocu.tion in t?.:'.is en.so bore tho 1m:rdon- of ost~~bliahirte to tho rcquii~~ocl Q1...'i;o11t thd t:1.c m.1:,s-t-:-.1100 wns gongof n..."lcl r-..s tJ.1is burden WM 11.ot ·suffi.ciont1y clisl1cnrcocl,. t?~~o oonlusion thd t~~.10 nl)pcllo.nts woro found in unlmrful possession of 15 onc;o 1-rr,;s :1ot sit].)porlod by ovic":.onco o.nd it sl:>.oi1J.ct not st«".l1ci_. Lik? bot!i lor,ri1c~~1_ cot~~1oels, I nq sntisficc1. t>c.t it would bo uost unsr..fc to uphold tho co11victio:1s of tho O..l?J?cllru1ts ~~1 t:..1.is ocso. Foi· t:1.0 1 1 or.,,son I h:wo c;ivcn, I oJ.lou tho n1)~~)ocl, qi..1,,.,-,,sh t~10 convictions, set c.sici_o t!.1.0 SOl'ltoncos, ['.l.'lc":. ho:i:-cby Ol"(lcr t:.io ionoc:!.io..to rclco.so of tho c,ppol ln.,.'1.t s, T'.J.o:rozc. cl/ o K...-,,t2.bclil i·~~O r:.1c1 Von,"..rlh cl/o · Dv.ku.s, fron prison_ u11loss ot:.10Z'i-:iso lmrl'ully· hclcl. · 1':·l'...\i:TZA, 24-10..90 Fo;r;- t\ppollOJ:rts ,~~,/ ~v ... Er. D;yn1Ju.t,i.1.1a D. P. MOSHI JUOOJ] Fo:r l:'osponclont Rcptiblio - irx. EiTi:Llbo.:;olo I

Judgment

TZ/1. n/o IC:..TmB:J..nmr: ) . " , 2e "mT..'Jl.TII D/0 Il.'.XUS ') • • • • • • •• •• • •••• • •••••• •• •• ••• ~ /J??::lI,L.:'.J:rTS · Vorsus T R':l U;:TIT'.'11) rr::rl?tr.'L IC ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• R2JSPO!IDW1T ,JUDQ1'@:1T 110_.&..i. .. Both 0,pp6llnnt o, 'l'horoze. a./o IC..'l.tc'.balirtrn, and Von~~rlh d/o BoJrus, and r.r1othcr pc:::so11 1r~~:i.o wr.o n.cq,uittcd, lli.itim d/o ICi.nc.hoinc, · were jo:intly £'1,r:ra.icnoo r:-.t t;:.o Distr~~ot eoU!'t of Y .... "".I'c~~rn ns tho :r'ir,st_, t1~ Md soeoncl · c-.ootwocls ros-pcotivo1y_, on c, 011...:.rco of'. llil2.1r.f'ul Possession of I.Joshi contrt'.J.'7 to sooti01'l 30 of tho Moshi (nMufGO"i~~o und Distillr.,tion) ::i.ot iTo; 6~~ of 1966 c.s 01.lOllc\od. Upon boinc oonvictc<i°· 2.~ oh,~c;;;icl, t!1c first n:!.)pcllMt 1-r2.s sentenced to ·li\ro ;mcJ.1.Q ioprisonmont, 2.l'lcl t!.10 second n.r,polb.nt to t:l.t:oe :years· inprisol'll'.1ont -. c. soritenco whioh 1•cquirod confircm:tiOlt bt t?.J.is court. 'rhoy felt O{;iovod b.Y 1,oth tho oo:1viotion c..'1d scntoncc, 011d hence this cippocl wl:i,ioh 'tins n.rguod bof0l 1 0 me lJy their lea.med ndvocc.to, Mr. :Sycbuaha, :,.nd. ·. Wl.'t'osistod by tho loamed ate.to o.ttornoy for· tho respondent Republic, Irr. l!m:~~r.'lb orsclo. Tho !:!o.to~~icl foots ostc.blis'lod i.'11 evidence ucro t?.J.nt tho first

"' "'.". 3 ;.. 0 1' .,,,-1,..ll -i·f 'lot' ~--r t...,,-..:..,... ::;:_:,u"y ... ,,oulrl

μ ... v. ~ ... .1. ,J"' '-'"-"'"'....,O •·- v u...... - so. ot;:,,tc ,;6cl co.J.loc!. to c;ivo ovic:.onco fo:;,• t:c.o prooocv::tion 0 " In t>is ocoo, uo b.r-,vo r.ioroly t~~w bcld stntcnont of PW1 t:.w;t tho subst~~1co ll<',f) gm1co. T:1oro i'lr',s 110 :u1quiry as to how· ho 0,oquirod his ax:pcrl:J.so in ic1.mtify:L11.c gongo~ T! 1 .is cot-n.•t .:.ms sto..tod tines lrit?.1ottf; nunbo;r thv,t trj_cJ. L1c."..(;ist1•dos s.:101.1lcl not be oo:1tont to a.cco:pt br;ro ste,tcDOnt s fron 1dt:i.1cssos 1r20 :?t'!I'"port to ir'.ont~ ✓ conc;-o oitl1or by sic;:,.t o~ snail or tc.ato 1-rithout n.".lc:L"lG 211 :i.nquiI-~~,. .'.\S to :10,;r t:1cy r.,cquir;:)(1 their oxportiso so t21......,t n.J.1 n1)~~1cli2-to dotrl oan foi~~n sonc o:pi.'lion r-,s to t~.10 likelihood of its D,ccurno;y:. T::10 J?rosocu.tion in t?.:'.is en.so bore tho 1m:rdon- of ost~~bliahirte to tho rcquii~~ocl Q1...'i;o11t thd t:1.c m.1:,s-t-:-.1100 wns gongof n..."lcl r-..s tJ.1is burden WM 11.ot ·suffi.ciont1y clisl1cnrcocl,. t?~~o oonlusion thd t~~.10 nl)pcllo.nts woro found in unlmrful possession of 15 onc;o 1-rr,;s :1ot sit].)porlod by ovic":.onco o.nd it sl:>.oi1J.ct not st«".l1ci_. Lik? bot!i lor,ri1c~~1_ cot~~1oels, I nq sntisficc1. t>c.t it would bo uost unsr..fc to uphold tho co11victio:1s of tho O..l?J?cllru1ts ~~1 t:..1.is ocso. Foi· t:1.0 1 1 or.,,son I h:wo c;ivcn, I oJ.lou tho n1)~~)ocl, qi..1,,.,-,,sh t~10 convictions, set c.sici_o t!.1.0 SOl'ltoncos, ['.l.'lc":. ho:i:-cby Ol"(lcr t:.io ionoc:!.io..to rclco.so of tho c,ppol ln.,.'1.t s, T'.J.o:rozc. cl/ o K...-,,t2.bclil i·~~O r:.1c1 Von,"..rlh cl/o · Dv.ku.s, fron prison_ u11loss ot:.10Z'i-:iso lmrl'ully· hclcl. · 1':·l'...\i:TZA, 24-10..90 Fo;r;- t\ppollOJ:rts ,~~,/ ~v ... Er. D;yn1Ju.t,i.1.1a D. P. MOSHI JUOOJ] Fo:r l:'osponclont Rcptiblio - irx. EiTi:Llbo.:;olo I

Teleza d/o Katebalirne and Another vs The United Republic (HC Criminal Appeal No. 170 of 1990) [1990] TZHC 301 (24 October 1990)

Judgment

Discussion

Teleza d/o Katebalirne and Another vs The United Republic (HC Criminal Appeal No. 170 of 1990) [1990] TZHC 301 (24 October 1990)

Judgment

Discussion