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Judgment

M.Allr .. -_. J • I I :.J:Tu::-: .. T'l 2·.,:-.:~~;~~J)ICTI01T ( 11 rt,·~~-· n '"'''.; e:•t·~~-~~'i J.• i.Jt .... (.J .u.uu ... ~ .i.:.:, IIIG!T cou.;~~T c;:m:J::.~~:rJ ,.:?~~.a.'..L . '0. 101 OF 190 co:mo1:m;n c:urc:L :.1'?7;:1 ~~m. 102 ·oF 1990 O::-ir;il1r.:J/C-..:-ir.iin.".l 0.::.cc 1To. 5•\of l9S0 of t.l:..o Diot:i:-icl Com."'1i of Linc1.:i. DiDti. ,,t c:f; Lindi · l3ofo:rot. A.14. S.c-.J.lun Ea().., Di.Yrict lk,giotrc~~ f . . . . \ l. JLLY MOil'.lr.ID rn:tcrnm •••••••• ~ t a O I .-'..?I'::l:LW1Ti 2. mvonnrn 11:.TDI It-~~sus T.J:J JY.]:UDLIC ..... .7'ho cp:.:io1J..~~J.1ts, Illvo4,i~~ i,toi, Kc,.:i"bol'lc., :.'11/~~ t lly Uoht•.J..1od 0 1 who lio.,:'O tho :fi:~~·at :::.ncl scco1'lc1 ... :cc~~'.S:.il, ::oc:p~~ct:ivol.~~, woro oonvictod et otorJ.fnB, fc;o=-.7, uttc:::iri.;;; c, f:·lrJ0 t .. oc1.:.'.'.V):1t m'ld o\ttnininG uonoy bf taieo i. ' prctoncos. , Tl:cy wo:.:o occ;i oonto1:0i:id to co:i.1CUJ...,~~ont .1•):CTJS 0£ islp~~eo111'3Qnt for fllroc ycr.-:rs, 01'1 tho firot N"l.o. 000011.d. counts, two•, /0<'.TS on tho. third urJ.t c.ncl eight :t0r-~~s · in tlio ·fot::,:t~~:. coti.:.it.. 'lhc t'.J?J?O\l □ 'era einst 'tho ·rictions. '. .. "·, f . f . t r.moI"co r,t Liti.c:ie Tho aocond r.cot::3ocl irr,s r-. Qt'..r.ponto:r \rlso ~~.t Lindi• :Bq;h \ the o:,no :iouco. 011 3 ,t.i.1i.·il 1990 tho soconC:L r-.c, :sod prosontod o. . \ . · · ehoquo for ol~~ □• 18,ooo/-. rt t;~~o :-;;,-,tio:.1~~:1 Denk of Cor.10.;.'o;, foze cnco.t!Jhoo:nt 1 ,- "" , ... 1J.o choquo trr,o p.:-.z1T,1'lo to c po,.'so'l ;.1.r.nxl Yusuf ; .. 1:x1.-:,llcl1. t Tho second BQOWJod ge.vo tho: clloquo to ?'t·ij llr-,,i:1cr ?Iiclu.1-ieo ,t:10 wr:s C!. cr..olrl.ci· fu( duty o.; 1'ho . , . r oow.-itcr. . Whan tho CD.hsio:L .. r'.Skod t;.io oaeond c._cotv,ocl 1rJ.ot!,l~ I1.o 1ms tllf . poroo11 non~ in -'c:.7.o ·c!1oquc, the socoi1C l'.Ccuooc1 .ro:plioil. in \ho r.ff~~t ·pu3 Mcinor r,Gkccl t!"J.O occond. coc,:u:rnc1. to· □ isn hio 11,nc 011 t!1~ choquo• ~ ) . second .cct.wod co'l.ild not v1ri to ll.:tr; ,:i.t,. · This l'Jt.t1.o tho cr,~~icr suapocf,OUt1f no contcotcd tho b.'J.'llt r.ocouittr.nt, '.i:tl'l !C,-:-,joto. llnt1ioi Kl.1.oongu ''who onllal th~~ . . socond nccusoc. fo:,: i11torros:--tio11. T).:.o rJOt1_ond. r.ocusocl i .. or,o, ·t,od tlw:t ho was Yusufu ?loht-nod. 1 t:o po~:son nc.nocl. i."1 t>.o cheque :--.nt. thc,t tJ:c !02:oquo wq • . I giV'on· to fhin c,.s pcynont for: 1•ro;;:-k do;io to con.str,tet c, hut. :l)COrds in tlw bank sl10;~d ~ict t:10 choquo wco :O,on c · C:ooquo book 1rliicli ,r<,o\i•"""'1. ta, \ \

-- .,. ., . , J I ( ! ( 2 FW6 Gift Lwcsyt F:10 1tt,c t~~10 cttc'.i toza c.t t!10 bc11lt. 'E.10 ohcquo ,rt.a l)a.a~~ fo~ pnynont n:i/ 1 .. i-)olioo :,o:;..'o notified. Tho- ,Joconcl r-,cc\tsoa. t:rotumod to tho en.shier a·· t::,) c◊unto:i: r . .n::.. ::.o 1T,G J?O.ic .. t';o mu-.1 of she, 18,oOO/• • 1Io was thou- ~-;_,.-;:;,-:::::;tod. , .

In hi:3 cvit;.onco ~~:':l9JGift L~~msyo sdcJ. t:-_,t t~:o fi1~~st cceusod usod to work in l~~::· )ffico by• c1,br-,ni11c; tlio of:cicc r.11.c. 1 )!'fo=~~•ni11C;· othOl.· d.ut,os, l, .. . , •· • .,. .. ~ . ~ On 2 J.pril '.L9S-0 Gift l:~~ .lcit i:.is o>o,1u0 1J'Jolt .r. tho tr,blo en:!. 1ront to o. oocting. 1 :L:o fi:c•st f\CCl.'usod. ~~).['.(~~ 1vq_Oi.l,Ploc..n,ine; t ,, office when Gift WJJ itl . ~~- tho nooting. _ Tl:.o office t-ms 11ot iockod. 1:i.ftcr ;l;;:.o uooting NG 0i1' .. . ; rotur11od to t~~1.o office. Ho· loclwc1. i: .. ~~o c~~::.cquc be ck in :1is d:rr.1-ror b,Jt ho d4,d. not knotr tlmt 01:.::i blo.nk o::ioquo 1rr-,s ctolon fron iLo &1oquo book untU 1bo r:m. ttor wns 'hi:'ow;~~,t to p.is nttcntio11'. ·on 3 .J-1.pril. J 990 r,fter tho socond. SCOI.UK)d h,.'\d prosontocl tJ::o for;'.jcd cheque. rt~~6 Gift Lwt:,9:'."'0 a.cnied to hn.vo s~ tho choquo, I Tho fii~~st c,ccusod. donioc.l to b,-;,-c: Btolon t~~2.< · c~~1.0quo, r-.l\d. ho donC,od er>::{ ~ . ·· knowiodgo abot1.t ~~1.0 •forged cl:oqt10.· T:.:,o 0ooond cc):i.sod said tlmt ho wo~~ "° ·_: the 'bMk to noot Fi~~3 lkino:r !i:i.cl:..il"JuO u>..o o;-roc. tho Bocond coousod Ghsl - but Pl.l wr.s r-.i"'l'ostocl for no roi'..so!t r,t d.J.. T>.o tri,'.l 1:1.:'gistrt".,o ·hold toot ,, ;1- tho o!m.re;c r..cd.nst t::o _ q:ir>cllr,nt ~~i;;s l~~ovod, r~~ he.,. aonviotod thoo. of ~ of'fonccs. Tho cvic1..cnco cgr,in:Jt -t:10 f'i1'at r.ccucocl i-iT'.D t;mt wcci.ws¢ ho , .· lrorkod in tho oi'fico nl10rc t:--..o choqii.o m:-,n stolon, Ji;::0:1· ho ht-A. tb<? .o-pportμni ty to Ftn.!it t!::.c offol'!.co• nut 011:-,_1ortuni ty ~~10110 ic not pro~~ of tllc off.once ob.---::;od. T1.1.01) 1ro:-.:o ot:.~~ :people "l'ho 11:2.i.\ -~~lO shoo Opp<"'pa.tr -ti:)" on tor tl:.c off ico u:1.0:i:'o r;r6 . Gift •L1r6syo .b.nd. lcf~ tto choquo - on t~ ja.'tl,of Tho door wns not locl::oc.l. J,.1.-ryonc coi.D.ll :1.r::vo ~~eosa to t'L.i.o oftico c.rd. s;ott, : ;tic the for . . T.10 cheque. i . t first cqcunoc1 ~ . ii [',t cnct'.shncnt uooond 2.ocu0ct.,_ is r-llcc;cd :to ½r:v:o t~~lcl tho polioo ~ r,rtolo t:10 cl:oqti.o :·1tc: ->.o gcvo it to t:.:.o soeond r..oaa.eod t:.:o br.nk. 'B.lc.t io c~ · 0011,focaion iYiJ• J\ c">-cccus°'1,.e.nd e,.i,ch ' . . · conf6ssion 4 c['J,not 1.>c D, bt,sio for convicting.tho first r:cGt,1cod: \JitboW · oorroborr::tflon. Section 33(~~) of t:1.0 Thrid0,1:1co_l.ct, 1967 ,oidos t~~ :i -· ' "a-~ conviction of c.11. r.ccuod. person oLr.ll not be :t>csoc1. sololy on o. oontos8',on ~ ~ co!i ccuooa.." Thero ,mo no, co:.:~~oboro.tion_.o:i::, ?thor ~~opon4.ont cvid.onco ,cgr.J.nst tl1.o first tcous:od c~~J:12.X't froo -the ~~lcc;cd~~-~~ r;onfoosion by tho siaoncl c,0ousod who io:plicr-,toq. tl1.o first £,counod. . ; • T!.1;0 noro feet t:ir-t tho firot · r.,,cct-..accl -lived: in tl1.o scr.10 ·li,ouso ~~ft tho soo1nd. ·~~.ccusoc.l is not proof t~:.c.t tho cheque uc.s stolen-~- .tho fP"st I j ' I \ I' I

... 3 o.ccuood, Tho1; ut:G no oviclonco t:..--.t ·l;;:o firot r..ccusod ,ms_ 1n possoesll.on of tho stolon/ cl:.ot 1 uc, r.nd hie r.:?:.'oot :·:~~1c'. st::bsoqucnt corr..riction 'i·roro. J ~ ' . based on misf cio11 onlr. Th.1:t Dt'.~~::_,cc:Lo:1, ; h)wovor st::.'Ong, is not a. basis for a conV'ic-:bion. Iii• Sr.1-iacwo, ·l:>o loc;;:'ncd 3t2-to Atto:i:11oy did not B\l]?j?ort tho /i:il 0 st cccusocl' a conviction, ,:1nd 1 ~ th ros1Joct, · I \ \ Tho rrvi,02.J. l):r tho f irot r~~crn.:ccC. Dvod.ius J-:-..toi IQ-nbon2, . \ The convic;tion io Q.t.tt.sholl, oncl t!~~-J ,Jo;.1tonco_ h I oo·t r,sidc. I shcro hf,s is r;11o~ It is o:r<1¢,:ed. tlmt he z~~ould bo ;;:olor.,sod f'.t'or.1 clu.:rlior.1;7 forthwi ~ unloon ho is otho~~GO I l • l As·r0[.;"'2.i.:cls t~~10 Gobonc1 ,,ccuu::xl th.o:i:'o Hr,s c,1:~~r,nt o--.fic\onco tlto.t ho wns in J?,OE?mossion oi' t!:.o fore;c('. c~~:oe;_t\O ,t~~·lioh ho 1 b:;:-oscntod e:.t the bods and obto.incd the uonoj. o. noro :a.onicl w:.1.i cl., ' m.s . .:.',.ofonoo t;:;:·t ::o wnn 2.l'."Jootou. fo:t' no ~~ccsona was the t:d.:--,1 nc.;;ir;t~~:'do 1):;.o;)Orlr I'OJOctod, in vi,o,r of the ovorwl:c.lni.J.1. 6 o''lic.onco on j:'oco;x:.. T::,o:,:o 02J1 bo l1(t doubt th,~~t the ohoquo was stole~~ fror.i Gift Lwr,syo I s office r·.m:. -t: :d sor.1oonc '._; fogocl his signntl;:o o:i (, t, ' \ Tho 5?ooncl acct:.oocl w:lo uc..n f01LiC. uit; the cheque ·i'r"s proporly oonvt<>tod. _ \ . of · stccling tho c:.o.oq_uo 2.nd forcm···;;-. T::o ovidonco ii0s ovor1-iholcing 1]:l.t$ 1ho

eocoicl o,ocuso('. utto:,:,ocl tl10 fdco c:.:oqiw r,ncl obtr:.in.:\L tho r:toncy by' ft-J,so,.;r prc;tcnclinB' tl:..c.t it 1;,s ;:-, gomline c:.oc·..;,.wont, ::1.11d th0t.'::10 was tho porson nai:icd on )~he cheque, u:ulo cll t1:.io ur.s :f'clno. Tho sccon(( D.ocusod. Wt\S prop@J.f cQiviotad r..nc'. sonfoncod. Tho rio:rton.:c of eight pears· L-:1prisonoont i,n tho ft>urth count rcqui:;.:ocJ. 0011±'~~1:;atj_.:i:;.1 Y/ t:rla court, r . .ncr it is horoby' cattrcod. /. ', r~~ -; } In the rosi.'!J. t, t'.:;.c c.wor.l by t:~o i'irot r.ccuscd is cllol-rod end. tbaf of •l' /tho sooond c.ccusod is clisr.ucsocl,, t i ;r J ft.- { I tr. J. 1frj,11l', f, l MTlt:.nt .. 18 October, 1990 Mr, So.ngcwo, Str,tc Lttornoy, fo:.1: tho J.01--,ublic• Appollc.nts cbsont. \ \

Judgment

In hi:3 cvit;.onco ~~:':l9JGift L~~msyo sdcJ. t:-_,t t~:o fi1~~st cceusod usod to work in l~~::· )ffico by• c1,br-,ni11c; tlio of:cicc r.11.c. 1 )!'fo=~~•ni11C;· othOl.· d.ut,os, l, .. . , •· • .,. .. ~ . ~ On 2 J.pril '.L9S-0 Gift l:~~ .lcit i:.is o>o,1u0 1J'Jolt .r. tho tr,blo en:!. 1ront to o. oocting. 1 :L:o fi:c•st f\CCl.'usod. ~~).['.(~~ 1vq_Oi.l,Ploc..n,ine; t ,, office when Gift WJJ itl . ~~- tho nooting. _ Tl:.o office t-ms 11ot iockod. 1:i.ftcr ;l;;:.o uooting NG 0i1' .. . ; rotur11od to t~~1.o office. Ho· loclwc1. i: .. ~~o c~~::.cquc be ck in :1is d:rr.1-ror b,Jt ho d4,d. not knotr tlmt 01:.::i blo.nk o::ioquo 1rr-,s ctolon fron iLo &1oquo book untU 1bo r:m. ttor wns 'hi:'ow;~~,t to p.is nttcntio11'. ·on 3 .J-1.pril. J 990 r,fter tho socond. SCOI.UK)d h,.'\d prosontocl tJ::o for;'.jcd cheque. rt~~6 Gift Lwt:,9:'."'0 a.cnied to hn.vo s~ tho choquo, I Tho fii~~st c,ccusod. donioc.l to b,-;,-c: Btolon t~~2.< · c~~1.0quo, r-.l\d. ho donC,od er>::{ ~ . ·· knowiodgo abot1.t ~~1.0 •forged cl:oqt10.· T:.:,o 0ooond cc):i.sod said tlmt ho wo~~ "° ·_: the 'bMk to noot Fi~~3 lkino:r !i:i.cl:..il"JuO u>..o o;-roc. tho Bocond coousod Ghsl - but Pl.l wr.s r-.i"'l'ostocl for no roi'..so!t r,t d.J.. T>.o tri,'.l 1:1.:'gistrt".,o ·hold toot ,, ;1- tho o!m.re;c r..cd.nst t::o _ q:ir>cllr,nt ~~i;;s l~~ovod, r~~ he.,. aonviotod thoo. of ~ of'fonccs. Tho cvic1..cnco cgr,in:Jt -t:10 f'i1'at r.ccucocl i-iT'.D t;mt wcci.ws¢ ho , .· lrorkod in tho oi'fico nl10rc t:--..o choqii.o m:-,n stolon, Ji;::0:1· ho ht-A. tb<? .o-pportμni ty to Ftn.!it t!::.c offol'!.co• nut 011:-,_1ortuni ty ~~10110 ic not pro~~ of tllc off.once ob.---::;od. T1.1.01) 1ro:-.:o ot:.~~ :people "l'ho 11:2.i.\ -~~lO shoo Opp<"'pa.tr -ti:)" on tor tl:.c off ico u:1.0:i:'o r;r6 . Gift •L1r6syo .b.nd. lcf~ tto choquo - on t~ ja.'tl,of Tho door wns not locl::oc.l. J,.1.-ryonc coi.D.ll :1.r::vo ~~eosa to t'L.i.o oftico c.rd. s;ott, : ;tic the for . . T.10 cheque. i . t first cqcunoc1 ~ . ii [',t cnct'.shncnt uooond 2.ocu0ct.,_ is r-llcc;cd :to ½r:v:o t~~lcl tho polioo ~ r,rtolo t:10 cl:oqti.o :·1tc: ->.o gcvo it to t:.:.o soeond r..oaa.eod t:.:o br.nk. 'B.lc.t io c~ · 0011,focaion iYiJ• J\ c">-cccus°'1,.e.nd e,.i,ch ' . . · conf6ssion 4 c['J,not 1.>c D, bt,sio for convicting.tho first r:cGt,1cod: \JitboW · oorroborr::tflon. Section 33(~~) of t:1.0 Thrid0,1:1co_l.ct, 1967 ,oidos t~~ :i -· ' "a-~ conviction of c.11. r.ccuod. person oLr.ll not be :t>csoc1. sololy on o. oontos8',on ~ ~ co!i ccuooa.." Thero ,mo no, co:.:~~oboro.tion_.o:i::, ?thor ~~opon4.ont cvid.onco ,cgr.J.nst tl1.o first tcous:od c~~J:12.X't froo -the ~~lcc;cd~~-~~ r;onfoosion by tho siaoncl c,0ousod who io:plicr-,toq. tl1.o first £,counod. . ; • T!.1;0 noro feet t:ir-t tho firot · r.,,cct-..accl -lived: in tl1.o scr.10 ·li,ouso ~~ft tho soo1nd. ·~~.ccusoc.l is not proof t~:.c.t tho cheque uc.s stolen-~- .tho fP"st I j ' I \ I' I

eocoicl o,ocuso('. utto:,:,ocl tl10 fdco c:.:oqiw r,ncl obtr:.in.:\L tho r:toncy by' ft-J,so,.;r prc;tcnclinB' tl:..c.t it 1;,s ;:-, gomline c:.oc·..;,.wont, ::1.11d th0t.'::10 was tho porson nai:icd on )~he cheque, u:ulo cll t1:.io ur.s :f'clno. Tho sccon(( D.ocusod. Wt\S prop@J.f cQiviotad r..nc'. sonfoncod. Tho rio:rton.:c of eight pears· L-:1prisonoont i,n tho ft>urth count rcqui:;.:ocJ. 0011±'~~1:;atj_.:i:;.1 Y/ t:rla court, r . .ncr it is horoby' cattrcod. /. ', r~~ -; } In the rosi.'!J. t, t'.:;.c c.wor.l by t:~o i'irot r.ccuscd is cllol-rod end. tbaf of •l' /tho sooond c.ccusod is clisr.ucsocl,, t i ;r J ft.- { I tr. J. 1frj,11l', f, l MTlt:.nt .. 18 October, 1990 Mr, So.ngcwo, Str,tc Lttornoy, fo:.1: tho J.01--,ublic• Appollc.nts cbsont. \ \

Ally Mohamed Mkungu & Another vs Republic (HC Criminal Appeal No 101 of 1990) [1990] TZHC 201 (18 October 1990)

Judgment

Discussion

Ally Mohamed Mkungu & Another vs Republic (HC Criminal Appeal No 101 of 1990) [1990] TZHC 201 (18 October 1990)

Judgment

Discussion