Emmanuels/o Mwaisaka vs Republic (HC Criminal Appeal No. 13 of 1990) [1990] TZHC 297 (18 October 1990)

t \ :. .. ,~ :;;''I·~ ,~ ,: ..... -:.\ .. ,.--r,>f"-::r ,.; ~~ .. ~t-;i=·.-. _;< 1; .. i. \ . :· \ _. ·' ' , ' -. : _.----"·APPELL1\TE J_ISDICr'QN ._ . (MBEYJ. ·B.E'GISTRY)°;, . ' .• .. (' ·"· I. • • • • • ft HI;~ c~-T- cRiMr·11{f .. APPEAL Nb.' .:{j OF 1990 ·...t • . • • . •· . :· . • •. ..I • . . ' ;:I . . .~ ·. : ·: . . (®RIGIN11L · CRUJIINA1.· 0LSE :NO, 56 i qf 1989 OF 'illE. DISTtT-·:coURJ. OF'-:_,.QHDNY'Ji p:p3TRICT AT .. - '. . . . ~ .> , .. •·.· f:: r r . :· .• .: • ·; '! • •• - ;: ·,, . ... . . .. , . Ctru1irv. .• .. · , _: . . , . . : ..; .. r 1·~ J. .• u . ... · .. · .. · . ; . \ . : .. ·:,; __ ::..-··; ...... -·:'_ .. ··-,·-· .. :J,"·:- . ·.· . Before:. R •. R:Ruke.ndiza/:l)istr.1c·t,:;r,1gistrate) • '. ' •: 1, 'r'. I • ; \ • . :- .... . . . i' . .. ;, • . . ,.,:, : .. '' i • : . • . • , . ::• . I . ••: • ) ,' , ~ , • . , , ,., ,. .[ '• , I • ' 1• . : •, :,EMMi'.Np:$1 s/ 0 }fF/11 S,TfA.;..: : g rn ~ : ,: : : - :: :.:-;:·-: } :-i lPPELL.L\NT ·. '" · · , · · · · ·.··, · ,:; ) . ( Qr1.g.1:11al .t. ccuse d) .. , . :- ___ ;,·:• .. . . ... ·. .,- -, r_···_.:/•. - .:-::• a__, __ .: .. ;-.-;,:-·; ,· _, t.;t .":)·· ye-rsu.if.- ·, .. - , . .. . - .. i .... ,f . . ·,. . ft. . . . . . . •·,:' ;\ . ~ i.) :., : : . .l \ '.: \ . .-·. '.,,,. ::,\ 1"'.: , :.: . . .. -THE. .nT:'pT.TB-LIC ~ 0 ... ; • .-: •'··• ••.· ·H· .• ;o :. • .- • .r, • • : • 0 • • ;• 0 0 • ,; • •• • •RES·PONDE 11 TT· .. . .[1__(;J .:J ••· O·.• o o· o o o ,o: o o o o o o • o • · o o • ? o ♦ .. e o o_ o o O D • o . ·. .l'l , 1 · . -· ... - ... ,. _ ... _·. . ··:. · · .· :. ('Original .. ProsGcu,torJ- .. . . . ' . ./.. : ... : ~ ;•.f:1".''- ! ·. ·. ··:· •' ...· . '• . ••' {:.' .. t, :.·. ,,.•.: . , -· ·J:" u· i· G:--.M .E N. T-- ,',F'." CHUA 1 J. On the 18/9/o aft_E;:;:::.heai:ng .the· ap;,ilant nnd Mr. Naali ~ • • - • ,I • :· • : • • > • ; ·: ' •• (--" ,· .. : - '.,:·: _; learned State :·ittt.orne:y, •:'."ho deq_1nμd:--t)" :s;upport tho., conv.i•tion, . . .. . . ' ... ,.. ··.,.. . . '. - ' I quashed the conviction and :set· a·sid,e . __ the sentence imposed on tho ; _; t., :•;· ,--•:. '• r, •1 • •:• .,, ,., ., " , ' I ', • , • --appellant and r.osqrve·d ·my ·roirnon-s-.,:· .. _:r -ri"dw .:.gi ~ . .-those ren,i?O!f_S·. • • I ' • • ' • ; • • . •. '• ,' ,-: • ~ ., • • • • • ·, --•" . I . ,,. _:•: t,.: ·, - . : . . ,,· '.-.--..: ·. . (,l',' .... :•::·!·;. '.·,}..· ........ ",.' ·•-. ._·:.·•. ;l ,·:· ;. ... .• . ::. . ,·!:-! . In:th(;;_ Dii.rfq-t·_,'99.ur.t :of Ch4ny_. tho· app0ililm1t li-o._d beep., chgrgod wi t;i: q~~~~-,-pr.o.t.t.n -;t:_;~ing -,/ -:;";6" (·{) ... / t1{0. P6-al: {d :'.·;._ ( ·.>.· ,:-:· ·.,>··.·.: ·_:· ·:·. .-·i. ;_ ·:.· .. ·. ''. ,- . . • . -f;'_ -,;.: ,•, . -·;,·{-,,. '\··. Upon being convictd he wa so:rtt_enced to 5· years ,imprisonm·en't. ._;and t ':' '·, ;' . ,. , I· :, : ' . • '. , r , 1 M r,1 ordered to pay 150, 000 __ shs.· to the complainan·-t ·bcfrig the' value.~_of ', What ·t'ho p·r-~pei'tio s.• that ~/f.o . stolen• from the·-:: _compiairiant.' s _·_shqp ~ . . • .. · :, was th(··e-~idd1'i re·li~:d·-:_ori by, t (rfdsecutfc/ri1. : · .... :~ - .0.: : : ~ '. .f. .+ .:. . ... '! / O t;·j4:, .. ·:.::::··;·:·, ,,..., •• > 0 0 ..... ,!, ' • , ~ . 0 0 0 0 ' 0 • M O O • · · · , _ _. -· : .... · · -·:·:1 . ·: .. ,.. · :r - . .- :r~· . . ·1' ./:·.-. 1 ·.·~v: .ht:.·,•·. ·.- .. ,:·-·.·.·i : .. ~:.- .·'·.

:-·r:- Cf1ris.tina Kyun.Y;a ("R,W2.) ,doposc:q, that on the 31/'i1/8g·: sh~ had • • •• •, • • > .' • • • • • : : " ~ i . ; • •, --~ .: ~: ..... , .' .• •• • =' . . . ... ; . . <;liscoverod ti1t a .-win:o.ow of !.hor,;hus..ban,i-.: shop h~ci-::bob"lib't-okBn .. . ; ' ·, ! . . . . . • . . . . "':· ~ ~-. . · .. ·, . r·:. .. ~ : ; . . . •. ,. . : . and through it some hop goods ;hnd been -}io.ler;i.-; ·, She:: r'opoPiJ(t:fto ~; •• ,a '., l. .... , ::• I • • • • ' • ,, . • •,!.,;;,: . •• ./ ~ • •. , •:- ·:_ •.: . (• tho Police Churtyn and to her husband l'.ngetilc. i1wn1~y6nibola (PWJi) who by then ·wds ,. at Mbeya.· J.ngctilo Mwanyombola took stock of tho

goods he had left in the shop and ·_c~,ta·bli_shod that the followi~ articles woro stolon:: (1) 10 'bnr:~~ ·of :kh'aga 4 ' ( 2) .8. lJEJl,Cl.$ .of ld tepgG . . . • ·r• .. " .• '. . • ' , "!., ., /{~~.I ;', ( 3) lo .pnim-' of lobal sandc,ls

·-:::·· . . ... ·. . . : • --, . ::· r. ·(·4/:-i, do-zon·.1Jncots o.f bisc~ ts ( 5) 9 .. p!Jir,. of rubbor shoes ( 6) 1 'dozen _of .Prcitx soap. ·,-::; (7) 1 dozon'of unde:r .\ifcars 3 ,-;:¥ ( 8} 3,. μ,pzons . of dry ba ttoric s · .i (9) g· tooth-b;rushos s( (10) l crnto of coca ,-colas · (11). 4. bad shoots. · "· • ··,--, ' . . .. , . . t. -~ .7 .: . '! .,. Sus po ci on fo 11 on tho appG llan t 'for'' -i'.'i:::'f{S O11.S, w1i Ch WO ro not . " ·-- . :. ~ ... f . . . disc}q:sc/d. at tho, _,trial . Whst is important is th2.t on the· 21/8/89 . . . Deto ct1 vo ·Corpor~'l ·Th·oms.ori \PW3) and., tho •o:i;npl8inr,mt in tho . pro sonco ,. of John Mwnpili (PW4) (?Onductcid a soar_<;h in ih~(i:hov.so 0 :'o·f: tJ10 accused. •• ••'t. .;!.·· .ttccording to tho complainanti:·tbo. following. i toms found in tho house . . . ... . ... .. . ...:• ;: . ·-(.'.,., -.:~ . ; ·. ·. of the accused wore some o"f those st·or6n from his shop~- , r. (1) 2 bod shoe ts · ,: · ( 2) 4. undo:r wears ·:;; - .. ,. (3) -2' 1 Jair's of' rul;>,ber sho_os · ... ,,' · .r (4.:) :2. J;t9 cc s of. RGxono s_OE\P .,: · ( 5) 1. i1io ¢e .: of<prot_ox soap····' .... · -<·i .:<( 6}· ·1, crate of cdca'·: :colas. . .. . ·;, ; " . ·, .c ·37 __ ) f' pie c'o 9'. . of dr.y .b.a ttbribs :;,f } . ::··.'· :, -, { ) 1: .pod'. lock . · ,-. :·,. ... · ··.l .'. . :.: '::·- .,,. ·· ....... , ·.• .• :Vh,on :or ... Yms'··,;kbd how 1Y? jJontifiod ·those::totri.s lie. s.tatod;hat ho • I .:,'" • • •:.lt: , • ••• • ,{: ,.c·• ... di,d. §Q ;_l:)y their colours. Hi-s wi':ro ."Chrftij1.a l{ym1Ja. conceded ·in ,. , ,' •• :.' '·. '• 1'l,H1•,,,, , . • ~ 1 , ::•. r ';:t ,,,•,• '-,, ,.• ' - ... ,.:,t ,: - .. -... , ':,,.·rop;-xam1.11ntioh ttat _tho nrticlos:.•·c-ould 4,avo boon bought by the . ·. :·i- . . :.. . . ., - . :. .. ;, ·.. . . -;-.. . ' 1 accused., ;i;o~~. 6ny sh-61.f,,1:>:ho. coicf· :rt\yti- iden ~~,fy, them c:fceijt ::by • . : ;;,.'1°-. ' . • . • . - •. . , .: ,' ~ ' ' . . • ,• . ·. =--=· ~ ••l'·· ·. ::.1 It wns qm,t8· cildffr,·:that:- 1 to coJjlainht and.his .wife had no ' . :. .. parti,cl~~ mnfk .. o the . goods to i,d•o-tify' th0m. ,-).i'urthormoro . . ,._ . ... .','!. '·.·",::::.,'( :, . . . . . :"·:.:· . .... _' tho. 'quantity.- f011;iq.q. -.Y'v~ t~ the· a·ccusd:d was. μch that any person • f ~ '•• •• ' f ~ , ... t;t.t/t\ ' ,. . , : : . . ·-~~:th atj. __ -inqri1e .. ;i)'.!-i:_tiana could·-reaq{nably be oJtj_Jffctod to aflfi'ord ., .. -·?t··.-1 .. . . . ,:;,t·~ :~ :- . . . . : .: . ... "· .. : them .... Thorc.wo.s:no.offort'.·mo.dc to-.establish.the.t th.a; aecused could ·.; .· :.... ··:· :: .• · .. ~;:,-: .... _.;. · ..... · ... ·· .. .',;2°.f(,"• :· .. ·.: .. •, ... lJ ·not fi.ave- afi'ordc.cl, ~o. buy such. artic,los. . . --l • ··:-L.t:'cf:;·· .·_;__ '• ··.·: .. , :. ... . '··-•i '•• ·-· . :, :/· .. . ~- •. :./3 .. · .:· ~ . ... 1 J f

, .. ,. ·~ ~ ' . ·::'!,"'. . t~ •• ... .,,, 3 Learned trial magistrate appears to have shifted the burden of proof to the accused by stating: "Lastly but not least the accused failed COID}.Jletely to produce any receipt to any of these items-. 11 If faii:u.rc· to produce a _receipt. is the basis for a convi c-tion in suh circumstances· L: 11 -J).dcr how many Tanzanian would escape being sent to jail if s:t¾f:denly they were searched and asked to produce receipts for articles such as .the ones the a 1 Jpellant was 'i found w.1 th:· It is not the duty of the accused to prove his innocence but for the prosecution to prove the charge beyond reasonab'le doubt. In this ·case there was no evic1once of . . identificntion of the articles found with the accused and therefore the doctrine. of recent possession could not be applied to ·convict the appellan.,t. That is why I quashed the conviction and set aside the sentence'o It is ordered that the exhibits be returned to the . -- appe llan -t;; • LJRC/ATM lima.·· in Court in the presence of Mr~ Naali State iifl vlt ,'LA-~---

1. J. R. CHU!. JUDGE 18/10/90