Mussa Alobogase vs United Republic (High Court Criminal Appeal No. 83 of 1990) [1990] TZHC 77 (28 September 1990)

&-.i.' . JIP! f,/; ,::.i. II' <- .. ,..., 9_. ~~"- . ., ... ,,,, I .... .-·.-, . i I 'f.a( . ~ .. .. 41 -. rn TilE m:arr COG:ti' 0:7 lll·TZAlJIA A!JJ D.AR ES SllLMJ,I --------- ..... ···-· APPELL!i.TE JliJ:US:GICS:I<H ITI.GII COUR'1 1 CRININAL APP:;Alf ITO.. .33 OP 1990 ORIGIITAL CRIMIHJl.1 CAS J:TO, 717 OF 1909 0..111 Cf.ill DISTRICT COURT OF :rLAL!;. J)IS']RICT AT ICTSiJTμ Before GD• J:I!i.TUI, Esqq, P/Rsidolr Ma..T,i.stra/i;o MOSSA ALODOGAST }Fri,LEMiT 1~ • • •••• 4 ......... , , •• ., •••••••• APPELL1il:T'I 1 (Orig:ii.1al 1lOCL1.SOd) ·vcrsu.s TilE UNITED I'J.DPiJ.JLI C <> •• o •••• , •• o ·• •• ; ., •• , •• <> .•••••• ¢ ••• RESPOJ.'TJ:EliT (O:rici.11<.l Prosooto) JUDGIO-TT . . . f Tho appellant was co11victccl o:7 t:1c offonco of .ro'J1Joy 1-rith violence o/ss 205 tJ.1C1 io6 of the Panell Coclo 8.111. ua.s sontoncccl to fiitaon yoa:rs i1;11)ri~ ao11..:icnt. :Sci;;.1:; ag~-riovcd o.ncl clissa·is1ioc1. '1Jr t!J.is decision. b.o 1101-t ppecls to this CotJ.rt. Mr. JJwn.h.ar.1a, -'Ghe learned cou:1r;cl :for t!.ic ai)pcllc.J.rt, •in his grounds of ap1,cal aa la.ic1 in tho petition of a:iprn,1, ,::iscntitlcc'.. r.1c;:iorro1clun of appeal sot out ten c,-Totmcls. These grow1ds, h011cvor, 0111'1 co11voiuc11UJ be suoi.::m.riscc1. ns follows,- (i) "T1a·t -'lihc loc:rned Pri:.10ipal l1csident I,r;oj,strn.-'Go c:rrecl in la.u in oonvictt11G tho Appolla;it in tl1c abGoncc o:[ a:.-iy :i,11dcr,011lc1r~ cviconco JGhat h.c . fully pc.rtioipa·tcd in the ori;;io o:i:' 1olJ~)(?1"j~ uith violonoo. n (ii) 11 1l1ho Loo.moo. M~"'istru.to cr-.i:ec":. in la1i ··i;o c011,0lu,:;.o ·i;llo.t the o.p1follG.:1:~ uo.s foum.1- wi·t:.1 stolen cm- 3 days n.f-'i;or ·i;:20 cox hn.cl been s·tolcn anc.l. tll.n;i; he !:i1c11 that the car was stolon property- ltithm.1.·i; :JaslitC J.lis cviC:cnco on inclop;onc:.cn·i; ui tncssos, po'vi.no; t:.1at the appcll2.,.11·i; '..:J.l'rn 01° Jmo. rc2..sona to 'believe at t1.c: r.1a-tor:i.nl tir.:10 ·t.:in:t tllc oa.r uc.,s stolen property. 11 (iii) 0 i"110 lcnxnocl 1fu.c:,1.str2..-c Ot'.[}.1-'G ·i;o :iqvo 1)clicvocl ·i;llo n.ppollc:1J1t i:1 bis cviclcnco as ['., oico.rine; c:igont for TN:T/DID since he un.s in a position to cloro:- goods such 2.s o:::x a.s ho cllci:;od in his evi,J.onoc., ti (iv) Th.<1t J.;he doctrine of recent possession 1.1-<."1.s ;10t boon ostnblicllcc'l -'vo m1:r:Trtnt c., co11Viotion~ ( v) Thnt tb.oro was not st'lffioicnt idcnt.i,fioat;ton of the n.ppolla.ir'oi 'b:r tho proscc1..1tio11 ui tnossos as boinc Ji;:.c person who too:;: part 'in tho robbo;ry incident. I fournl · i·t pertinent to set ot.d; -:_w c;rounc'.s of r.,ppecl, as I lloo pcroci'"\l'ocl ·thew, rich-'G f:ro;:1 -iihe outset. IIavil'Jb' so clo:no I now thinl;: I 0.'.1i.1 confortabl;r, nill'1"1:'.:~o tho footo of -~J:o c.::.sc for the prosoo:l-~ion U'.lioh n.rc ratJ.1cr bi·iof nnd uosJ.; o1 ·i;hc:-.1 ' •••..... /2 ·.

12 - a.re not in clispnto s follous:- It 1ms cstn.:Jlishc(l i1 cvic.lcnco by '"c tricl oou.rt tJ.Ul/c on 3ic1 Jul:7, 19G9 ct n.roru:i.,1. 20.15 l1ours r.s Jchc co~.1plci118.i.1t (R-11) 1ms c.l.ri vine clone; the Bog1oyo Ro;::,c1 >c uc,8 ston-,ccl bJ ·::.o c..:ppcllnn-li c .. .ml c10·:;>.cx l)Orson. 'l'.7::.cso t·uo persons who c;c.:vo tl;.1 -\c irJprcssio:c1 -'c.\2.: -::c;r ncrc prison officers nslcccl l .. 1 for e, lift to :::::c:.;:o. It is in the cvi::'..-.:1100 oi Pl'i1 tl:.l'.:t lie pio:kcd tllc::1 nco.:r the Esso petrol stc.:tion a,long tho B2.um.-ioyo roo,cl c.at:1.. Jli.hr::~ .1c ims hoa,clinc; touarc.l:3 -110 SaJ.cn.cln;r Brillco. i:o oooncr Jir.,c he drivc;.1 t.:10:.1 :for c. clist1cc than t21c D,p:-iclbnt w2:o wa.s n:r~.1ed. ui ·2: a pistol 'b:ranclis::cc: i-' o:~ hir.1 Cl1Ll couJllioncd UUT ro['..(l, Pu[;·u row:l a.nc.l findly t. 1 .1c C.'.:.c:;;.1c 1 0,.1bc ro&l. H; u2.s osscrtcc.l l)y P:-T1 -. 1 1.:1,-'i; for fem- o-.Z loss o:i: biG li:o he co.:.i::-licc'.. ui-i;!: -'l1c ins·ructia:i.ls of his n.sscill(!n.!i:s. Uhcn t!- ... cy 1102Xccl tb.u junc-'cion lent.inc; "iio ·;;1c U:·T..IIJTJA 7-TA TAIFA his n.oso.il:::rlis o:L'c:o:rod lu:i to s·Gop. .1hc:i.1 ·i;'..:..cy r.1ru.1 hci1c:loc.l 2J.i;:.1 2.,ml lofJG hi.:1 u;.1oonsiou.s. Uhcn ho oru-.10 CXOUJ.'ld. ho fou..'1c.l !1ir.1Sclf n.11 alone :-::1.C.l -:1e.: is w!1011 ;.O ollccl out for help 0111:: fo bo a.ssistoc1 l)}r a. J{.T r:1c.n 1-1!.20 thc:1 J.;oo:;: .\i:.1 ·lio tho :.:Ciluc. ron.cl Police s·k:.tion iilorc ·he roportocl the na.ttor. H would r..:,:)0UX ·i;:..1.at o.,t tl:.c Police sto..tion tb.inco uc:ri; Sour Jlio PiI1 u110 uc,s loc!r.ocl up in cti .. r::rliocly :for intensive ilri;o:r-.con.tion. -rith n. PF 3 :for-i:.1 showin. 0 ; thr.,i; he wn.s r.,ssc..ulkc.l ii.1 t:10 coLU'sc of -'Gho rob1Jcr;r, Ev:i.lloncc coos 0:1 fo shou t.::..r:t 011 ·r::.c 5-'v:.1.. Ju.1<1 1909 PH1 1-mo wi·.b. the cldcc·i;iv-crJ (Pt-73 a11d. Pir4) 1-r:o ho.d .10Lu.ri;cd G. sco: :fo:- ·li110 ,.1issfa1c; co.x-. .ti.oUng Oj_l n. ·liip o-Z-..? t1.nd while c.lrivill{; in C., cox 2.lm1c t:w iiorocco xon.c.l, "G;.10,"/ ::mr".c.lcnly CX.1C faoo ·l;o faco with ·:;.'.:i.c cp:1ollel1" 1 li ltho wc,o cli.'i vine; t10 vehicle. Thc:;:>oni')Oll a cb.n.so cnsti.o'": 110 tho appollc.,;:r;; u::.o was (U'i vine tho cc.ill vchiclo rofuocc.l to s-'Go11. i-Thcn t:.:c::· -l.t-Oi·T olo::,cr fo t:c c.ppcllc.1,r:;, P:-73 wlw 11c..s cr:Kll ui ·bh gt, pistol 1-rlu.s:.;:ocl i-'a out nnc.1 ci:.1ct1 ['.,t the appollmr. The letter ron.lisinc; -:.10.:;; ·i;:.1c gn.-:10 wr,..s t:.:., Sltrro11clorocl hir.1soli -'rn his o.rros-'.;o:;;s b: stop:pine. IIo m::,s -::>.c:1 pt't•;; unc".or .::.rrost. Later 011 tl10 vc>.iclc uas idontii'icll 1)~~ Pt-i2 r.,s 1)oinc hor ;:ri.ssii.1(_; cax. It is sie;ni:Zice1rii to ,Jc..ntion n/.; ·>.is juncture at tlle; tii7lo of n:rrcs-t 11u.:1bors, 11a.::10l;;r EoAfill 5238 ,?.nd no· ·:-c o:d[;'ino.J. TZA 159 onto mi.,ibcrs. I.,.; ir.i nlso in cvidm1cc -;;.\c.-t upun intorroc;c..tion, i;:1r.1otli.:::.tcly d-'Gcr ·liw mrcs-'i;, tho cppollc;.1·i; foJ.cl his a.i.-ros-tors .,lihat b.o nn.s cv-on ·:;:".::: cc::: by 0110 Asinl1 iT::..o n,ppoo..rccl in ·iil:..c tri& court cs Jc:10 s0cond nccuscc.l., '111.w.o o..)pcllroYG in hio d.ci'.f:anc" c1.t -li~:c .;ricl Court flo..Uy r..lcnicd to l.>.r:v'c boon involved in ·t:1c roblJcry inciC .. ont.. _. .c ;):r·o·;;os·i;ccl his ii.1.11.ooc2,,b;;r sQJTihg t::.e.:~ -'v:10 .. lt.lU . 09,r in qucstio:;.1 l)clonc;oc:l to tho socoml.. o,,ccuooc.'.. [',ilcl.. tJ.:2.-'i; l.'.oLcJ.::cn ·bho scJ.c.1 o -'vo the port ub.cro :w llo,d to sc0 cus-'GoT.1s o:Z:Ziccrs in rcl<'..tion to oloo.ro..1100 -'Ge:: o:Z- tb.o snicl cnr. :C:o c..'3sortad. t:,.e.t ho w0s c.:..oo.li;1c in ·;;;:o bu.sinoss of clca:rinc coocls c.:~ bcyo11cl polvoafo.xo tl:....:-t 0;1 ·i;ho 5-'ii.1 Jt:J.: 0 1909 ·the o.ppcllt.i1" Wes fotmcl in poasossion of tJ1c oo.x u:1ioh wo.,s o. sutjcct ;:ir..tto:r oz ·. 1 .1.e [;!,lloccc.l ro1)1Jc:i:J i;.1cdcnt.. Tl:01·0 i:3 so.Usfioc.l t;,.c..·t -'lih:'{only cviclonco c,.:;·ci:;.1ot ·~:ic .Jccusccl ia J.'Gs:,cct of tho cl.-:;' lT.\0:1 ., ' .... . /3

.. tho robbery .too!t: pl2..ec is tlu,.:t of PH1. Tho ot11or incri.:-.rl.11c..ti1ie cVidunco nGoinst the a.ocusocl io that tuo clci;'c 12..-iior !10 uns fot-:..1c1 i;.1 pooscssion of ·i;:1c Tho locc.l issues 'bc1oro r.10 1101r 1oa: clctor;:iinr::'cion o.:ro o..s follouss- (i) W.1d:.:ox -'iib.o n.ppell('l.11.·i; l:c.,s i)C:Cl sttl'ficio11·Uy icle .. r'cificcl cs 0110 o; ·t:.10 :rol)l)crs on t:.c cley in question. (ii) i'l'J..lo·:.:.c:r in the circu.:1s·i;r.;.1oos ·ii:10 loo.rl1od trir.J. r.10,.:,ist:r!l.to wr,s ooi"J:'oct in p:cooccclinc to oonviot .,.;he r::.:,pcll'.nt of ·ii:10 solo cviclcncc of PIT1. (iii) Ul1o·i;hcr t!10 tricl Dl:,c;in•;;:.,r/Go 1ro..s xic;b.t in invoki. .. 'lC tho doctrine o:7 rcocnt possession ro1.d (iv) nhdhor ·i;.10 ovickncc ha.a sci'ficiantly osta.blishccl -:ic offence of rolJbcrr n.csoinst the 0,ppcllo.i1·. I lT:i.sh -'oo sey tho:'G I ou r.rl.ltc1:fol o:2 t:10 loao.l roqt1irc,.1c:.1t at the MOLtooil need not prove his innoccnco,nor t>.o clcfo:;,100 he puts :form:i.jcl c.locs not noccl -o 1Jo to tb.o a;;:to1it -:ic prosecution ;:1us·t cs·k,;Jlish its cc.so-. I 0::1 further r.rl.nclf:1 -'i;:1...,_t this oourt, :1...--,s sto..Ji:oc1 times wi Ji;b.01.,.·i; nt1.i".l°Jor 1 tJ;.._1,-J; when tho; only cviclcncc r,,c;·o..i;.1:3-'i; o.n o.ccusocl is tla find.in;," of rocantl;;- s·i;olcn pro1x,rJ1i:,.. in J:ds possossiono. a.11. c .. cict..:.1;Jcd ."' J'OOSOMIJ"'l'· is onti tlccl to ::.n a.cqui tta.lt he (:.1. vcs n.;.1 ccplcinc.tin 1rncll wcy J.. · be ·iixt.tc, Ile noocl no•:; satisfy tho oou:rt. of i·s ·h'.}. 1 .-'1;!1, This court hns tmos wi thou-'.; m-.r.1)Cl'.t sci.cl t:t i·i; is t.uwdo to support r.. convidio11 on -ho 7)o..rc nsscrtions o1 1-ri-'w.1csses -'i:1.u--.t they 1l['..(l rococ;nizod thu a.ccusotl. In L)lclovick s/o, IAS1£11[1 v R,(1967) ITCD 194 it was hold -:;::i.[.',t lf·i;haro ought to 1)o oviC.c:.100 show:i.nc; oloorl;y- in whc..t wcy ·:;he oou• sods wore inclontificcl o.{;. by the soti.;.1(. o-:' ·i;hcir voices, -'heir cl..istinotivo olo·'i;;.!.inc; etc• a.ml "i:;;1:::.-'ti other oviclcnca in st.:.;_•1)0:.-'i; o:~ th.oil' tos"i;L101w 1roulcl he.Vo been o:2 Co:dnc noiT -i;o tlm inst.c'.l1t cr.-,sc 1 -::oro wo..s only ·b!:o aviL:c11co o:(_.P!-11 :i;.1 xcs1)cct of the idc1rG:i.fioc.:iiio11 of JG110 appcllri;. In tho prci.rl.scs, I rofuso to nooori-'11 Ji;:1r.:~ ·tho n,ppollr .. nt !.C.s °Q9on properly idoll"iii::i ocl cs one 1onc; ·i;J10 robbors thct P:i1 VJ.l . I ·o.lloccd hc..t1 o..as.cilocl hin on -'cho ralovo..1r c.bto.. There is, :101-rcvor, cvidonoc -'11::in; tho a.ppcllm· nc.s oz,,UGht ia posscssio11. o:Z tho 1i1issin.g( or s·olcn rc.thcr) vohiclc. Tho plail1c.:bio11 ci von 1Jy the n.ppullo.i1J.; n.s fo how ho aru:.10 to 1Jo in possession o::? tho vohiclo uc,a rightly rcjoctocl 1Jy tl:o ·t1iru. ;;1c.,si.strz,,tc ns boi11<3" not roo.son.....,Jly true. In ot1or· woru.o tllo r;,.,ppellr.n-'c I s oo:oulxi/i;ory tosti;·.10n,y failed to rc1)1.1,.-'i;•~ t:1c prosuuption 01' c;uilt as roquirccl b:" ln.iT, I a.lso uclco t;.1c sc.ac holclinc in ".;:.:is rospcot. ncr.1cly thr..t he hc.c.l to flee is not consistent lTi th ir111oocnco. Ile r:iust ht.Ve real- izod that ho, YQ:8 unclor JGhc firo :c:ri~, oi -~:10 loni r..rns o:f jns·icc .. i'or .i.ll.11 It wn.s J11::o;t, na.tura.lfrn bohn.vo the wo;;,r he clicl. I:3.s behaviour brines l1ir.1 un:'.or tho i,om.od of section 311 (1) of the Pcn,.-u Coclo, I oooorLlinc;ly fincl lri.,.1 C,-i.1.il ty of rccoh1i1'1[;' tho vohiolc u:.'.ich he knew wa.s stolon 2.0 ovi :':.01100 l);'; ;":..is ooncluct 11t the .1.::.1c C",.l :iis n.rrost. I -horof ore quo..sh Jli1lc convio·tion of rob)cry e11c1. subati tutu i·t 1ri·;;:'.1 roceivine sfolcn co..r under section 311 ( 1) of J.;hc Pcme,l Coe.lo.

44 - I 110w 00;·.10 J.;o t!:10 sontcnoo ir.1~)oscc1 on the appollc.nt. In tho lic;l:d; o:'.? this now fi111...'i.inc; I hereby al tor ·t::>.o Scn·:;oncc to :;,1c of oicfit yonxs ir.ipriso11- r.1ont. It is so or_clcrocl, ' Dolivcrocl in Chru.:ibcrs this 2lJt:.:-. ck,J of Scptc..1bor 1990. ' 20/9/90 1.\c,. JUDGE· 28/9/90 Coro.i-:1t Ml::m1wc. Ar:s. J. Tho .-.caused prcscnJ.; under oonfinc::1011t Mrs, -Silo.o. - StQ.tc J:..ttoxno;;r fo:r -t. 1 .10 Republic Court: The _jU.dJ,:1ci1t is cloliV'crcc.l io· t'~c pc.:rtioso The- c.p1,olln.11Ji:; is also <u:plci;icd his ric;hts of n. 1 _°Jpccl. Orders Mr, Torab.c;-.m, for tho appolltnt fo ~Jo no"iiifioc..l I . . . -1/ZJvw/,~r" J .ju MIUAY. , :t.' I ii.Go JlJ'DGE 28/9/90 . ·· .. : ;;,-· .. • .. • I • ..