Republic vs Michael s/o Kaulule & Another (Criminal Sessions Case No. 5 of 1989) [1990] TZHC 267 (20 September 1990)
Judgment
= = L T OF T TL i • o:tIGLLJ,.irDIoTIo1: % mLLSS3I0If SL058C. • - • J...1Li ..L.J.: LjiJJ.¼J •. • Vorsi • 1.:. 5/0 iC4ULTJT2 2.L0L2D 6101"DU IISAMA IGH COT2T 3E5Si02S SITTLTG AT SThfl.TMTGAg 10 CIL,.dGEg MD2.DER Conti ry to sootion 196 ;fAVARdl Code r JTJDGM.NT The two accused persons, namelj one I IGILL s/o LAULULE, standing ç.s the 1st accused and one L0NL s/o CII(JNDU G i flISAWA standing as -the 2nd. accused, arc jointly bbargod with the offnbe of murder. O/.o 196;.ofthc --Penal Code, upon allegation thaton or about tho44th dy o f niu- .n d 1937i at Kazila vi1lgo within tho umbawcnga Distriot, •RuTaPoion thoyrrcloroci One GLLD 0 FLlI s/o Lt29, which c uo thc ci hc a 11 denio, o oh purporting to roise tLlO defcnco of on oliii an raflactcd in their evidence durng their 20 dofonco. -.•••, Tho two accusods were defondoci --. i. ampakosa, 1ecrnoc, advocate, while 1 . 1r 0 Ndun,uru, learned State Attornny apcarod for the lcpublio. Sitting with me as assessors - wore the lady. assossor, oio -L'1. p/o the gont1rnon assessors one i0 s/ó NSUL'A and- one SLEZIO S J/0 SOKOMI. Diring the poiimiiory trial na upon the- ovidonco dduccd on both sides before this court, the followiag iovo come out undsputed and th rcforc, as also pu-b to the lady and gontlomen assossors, arc regarded to have bean stabl-ihod, save for. any further o:-planations 4nfrec-6 • • 30 The, two oousoci persons eo •rcs±dcnt. of: llcrnbo viilo. within •- -• 5t1bauanga Dis'b:oict, ukt-Ta° heion,- ca ,- ZL arc both pcasant. Prior . to .thc day of the jncaont the --2nd accused had coca at ipanda where h,e stayocl with his ialat Wo o for some dar. y than . the ..-d,:., cpacqd was a resident of Mpanda carrring out busiios an shopkeeper ot 'csiauJ ili, ithianjlpanaa District. The dooco sea was taen mariod to one LIZ T11 d/o snr iG (- 3), with whom until his death, had boon in moaTiao for tn yoars.
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= 31 i-iowe\rer, thrcc 'i later,. that ic, on 17/6[7, at abOlX 2J when the F. h5, one ChtiL s/o. i heTtKAT!E, . called at his furn' in th company of his friend,. onc 0ihLD /o tiALIA, he discovert the body of tue deceased lyin cisad near an anthill just, o'f his farm. It had by then stared to decoTosc The body of. the duceased znE. found dressed iii a Kauncla suit :bht was reddiSh in cclou with a draft shi' usder. it iid reddish s1ottL lcau ...c s oes, wuc soc were ide'itified. uO 00 siniL.r to the Ones produccc i:..court. as.ihii Y.3a. The P..5 furthei.st.atccl that around h i s hut .'ii.nU ;as nearby...and: just off his farm, he wl his friend could notice signs of a strnle and: could ec footprints of three. per- •.. 10 sons: . one with shoes of the' typo put on by the deceasecl onu with rubber of shoes and the other with tyreslippers, one s'hich .'nctuai1y found around. They we're also able to see blood drappins nearby. InsIde the hut they•.noticcd that fire h4 ixen made there a shdrt tine ureviouzly. Also found inside such hnit. was a cigarette filter and. an cmpt tlack Lather sheatho; for a knife. iuch farmwaz about two Kilomoiros f:ou Kazila vi11age The way"io' such farm ras a CocoOn footrath 1oadin' o the villagers farms. Such footpa:ih started from 1(n:3iln vii:iage, lea n is.: tia same. Cl ~ rcctio_n as the ro:i to :yezi or :bwukna.V'illahOs, :hioh ro he accusds and the deceased wer sup;oset to take The focthh. weaL beyond 20 the 'h5's f ne' his hut built at such frm Later the snnj day the F, 1.5 and his friend.. re.:)orioc1. the matter to their village loaderothe village chairman and village secretnry-he then' broke the news to t.eir fellow villagers.. 'fioa villagers had ,fathCxQcl. at the scene, oz{bein; cn].ocl' who know such deed person, the .h4 one DOItL- CIANA D/O 'idT;, wae quick to point out thut ouch urson been with his two rlbiv5s the two accuseds when they called ni hen ccc three days hack and tilen departed the seine day at about 4j.m., goLf in the direction of Kanyezi. . . . . T Icreafter, cu ch.. v..11ej. c irne rpor' ri or to lie 30 Ward Secretary, -who, on getting at the SCeilu directed to he;'c the .iricicicnt reported to the .polide. wile.tho vi1lgors had tç keep .sun. osuch.d.ead. body uniil the arrlvel of . police. rho he i fonioi oou lC ctcet of Le cc rcc 1od toe oolico at SLuab[ ' ~ _, 101o 13J/87, it ic's toded to by t. 2, one Assistant Inspocto'j .CLILItIi3hALULA. On l/677, the ihi,2 7 w.ilo in the company of'Dóctor If2:. (:...,TTI) ofSubarag Cove sc.ni ±ospital, proccodd to Kazila
= 52 On .'ottin there oyworc shown tl.LO corpse of the ceased by boTh the vi1l'o chairman and vjila,j socrotar\r who could not, howuver. hen knot.r the nese of the. dcc rud. Thcroaftor, at the samu spot a oxomination was crriod out by the ccordin2 to :ostOrtoip repent ;1,-hibit l, it np:cears that : doce:scd was found bo :nvc sustained two eras' wounds o a kft cute of s iced, c-ised b . ble of object. One of euc.,awoundO caused the fracture of three need temporal bono sphouoid hone :tuad zygomatic hone, hich .ied blood vesOols rosulting i to blcccl. - of blood ii t c brm once c rslar death, due to compression on v c,, brain causad...by such blood rouncI body of the 10 deceased, they could also coo a ihre-b -turiu torch and dried droppies • of blood. Thou t: a sketchplan of the scene whIch was tendered as Exhibit F2, •ccon; to such sketch plan t it appears tU the PT05 7 s hut ties off the. fa:ç,, about 11 from point , where the body of the decoascd was fr.d•lying, just. about5coc, behi::1 an anthill that is said.to be at poi:: 3 1rom point D where blood droopin.s were soon to the dôccaed'.s body is shown to have boon lpaces. Then fro:. the hut at point C to point i whore the torch was found is said to ..ave been about 6pacoc. Then the1, 74 . 1 2 also toen botn the doc.asod's panu of reddisn slotting..loa±kor the deceased had on (Ixhibit P43e), together 20 with the throe-britteriee torch (:xhibi P , 31) and the black luahur sheathe for lmifo (Exhibit P,3c), which were thou :ocordi:)l tonde'od as exhibits before this court, T..j body of the decoasod was thou loft to be hurried at Kazila village, s investigasouc wore set in notian, on 21 7/7 the 2:ri. accused was arrested at heni:onge village tihiu umbawengaEi;trct, by one D/CFL ILM1A, who then tok him bo umhaweege police - stat ion tihoc was hold undor custody. Later or. 24/7/87 9 the lot accused was an :tod. at Iiwenjoiwa market, flbeya, by the ,U2, while accompanied byD/CPL. iiL.T.:, From -there • the lot accase4 led them to the home, of one DiPJDI who had accommodated him. 30 There in the prcse:ice of the said DAUDI and he lot accusnd, the FW,2 • was able to recover and seize a number of handbags of u..icn one was white and the otkor dark blue iii colour, all of which wore. said to belong to the lst accused. Inside the dark blue hendbag there was en bluish-grey codrai (denglis) troumer. -t cud dark blue handbag with red stntpes on top, two pockets on the ide, and a ip that was out of order, tuci the bluish- grey old denglis trouser trorô tendered encI admitted : E i1DitP4a end P.4b, respectively. ho 1st accusod together with suc thinga was then taken to :3umbawange. o1cc Station. 40
= 53 = On 24jC1879 t:0 .3, one :LIz!uTH D/O of the deceased, was smao:od to 3u. -cra ;a Police Station to i di n l ify boTth the 2nd accusuc as th. c.s6n. with om :r latc; huibcd hod on 12;/8( loft hpida for uinTbaia.•.';. d some of the thihgs found with the acousods. t a police idcntificio:., pode cons.isin of ten porsons conduced by the P.W6, one ILIOT I a Superin±ciclent of Police then k-;iond at Suinbawanga as the Offiber Commasding atibn (o0cs.), - b:: ;.h.3 easily pointed at the 2ud accucd as the ersOn who hd so loft wi -hi :r husband at lipanda for Sui n bawvaaamn 12161 .- S.Iac also .ranaeci to idntify both the dk - bluo nandba;, (.xhihit P.4a), tho bluisn grcr old cwnglis trouser io (1iiDit P O 4b), the.paii of r eddish slotting loather shoes (hxhibit ?3a), tithree-.batterios torch (Ethibi P.3b) and., the black lathor sheathe for a knife (Exhibit P,3c) as ibng the thins the deceased had tt:en with hi when he loft i;ipanda for Cu'oawar;a with the 2ncl accused on 121/37. • Thereafter We two acàucodi w e re charged with the o o:.ico in question. It is also co:ou ground ±It he deceas C ed, one ..'hLbe ) iS II s/o LAZO, is actually dead, hay d oy diod. of .' atural death caused by violence committed upon his orson. The main issues th;rcfore and upon which the lady assessors wor called - Go , - 'C ive their opinions cmi be s ated anfo1lows 20 Did the two, accused: persons or n.y of ti..em canoe the death
- of the deceased, one G1LD • T.lFLI L!Z.e0? If so did .t ;;y cause such death with malice aforethought? As I put to the lady and gontlume:.: hsEes:orS the daty to prove each.of the above issues beyoid all reasonable doubt lies with the prosecution. This reorew; that. bofor..this pourt can accept the allegot ion that t)io two accused :crsois or auy.of them arc.i the ones who ctumilly caused - the death of the d.cceasud and did so with malice afcreiouht, I it must be satisfied beyond all reasonable doubt that w:ai:ias been tostifiocl on the prosocutionsicle is on the whole, a tnithful ccouu ~ t of cxpired. 30 touching on the death of the deceased. . •• It is also to be born in mind, 'a put• to the lady and gehtlQmon assesors, that the ov ' Id6noo " thot goes to implicate t o two acciiods and is relied uoon by the prosecution is all dircumstm'rbiai, :Por none of the posecution witnessee saw mnr of the accuseds killi: ; the deceased. For circumsttial evidence to be the basis for the ccnvictio:i of an accused person it be one that does iiiesistiolyasdco clusiv2, poiirt to t e accu s ci -as e gu1-t3r parson , lcavi g no r000 for a ny ob er
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- = possible oxp1ei ion. • On tile other :.r:h., for the accuceds to be able, to nonaorete thom- so1vos ftn 1jabi1 • •- :u to iio lo1y and gent leien ass J:ors, iatt.i:. ir stories, considered in 'h..e 1igit of • the evidnce:for t:.n :rosocutie1, shu1d' poar 0 rIDIISOntn3lJ 'trtio. Yet to the Ot 0 6 11 steri L0 to rnse t ic e. c of - slibi, for such a de?oace t.o erit to bu considered seriously, it ought, in law, as provided for under i4(4-) of the to 'have boon brought to the notice of this court either before the cOmriencumO.ri trial or before thoc1osure -i:i prosecution 'casO. Otherwise, as also put to the 10 lady and r:entleraon asserJoors, thi court is entitled to accord, such a dufene very little or :o' weight all, r1 real controversy i:.. -this case emerges from icaccused's company with 'h.e decoasoqsoon as th.:y bade farewell end expressed th.ir intention to leave hazila village, a o'4J?i., t t .. one .OhICIiL d/o IfJ;(LTfl end her - nd, I( is. hero 'that the accuseds copy with the deceased is disnuted, each of the accused's pointing a fi:....-or at the other as the one who was last in the company of the doccicd. at -t:..•. i t± evidence -that line .Too:: atducod on both sid touching Un this, point? Start ii~ with t:;:; case for the prosecution, the ovido:...cc that O0S 20 to' Implicate the two. e.ocueods -that 0 f -t:n F;h2, r.'h3 :'h4. It is thc evidence of sac:.:. :yiinosses that points to the two accused: as persons who, until his death must have bean and were in fact in tho company of the deceased, and therefore the proper persons to accc.ie.:t for his death. If I may ott :with the evidence o' the f:h3, one .iizat:mi a/o INY,:NGi ? wife of 'the decease her avidonco i hat whe:i :° deco aced atd tho.2nd accused loft lipanda for Sribair.n:;'a the 2nd accused rpresontsd that' should -they rise sugar at Sunbnwcnn then lie, as a resident of pui T'iard, Iler:iho village, would assist the dLce.ased iii loohi:ig for ,Linger millet and 'beans to purchase for his I i3llsioso at villa2;es such as Konyozi 33 or iio e, c for. .. iL td i o tici 6 eu - Sur b - wanga, as, too, would bug so'e, using ten deceased's trading 1ce:'1pe. Such stated intention 'of the .2 accused ir. accompanying the deceased" to the villages, con,,er, -the more to the. 'foro when' one considers the evidence of the P'J. 4, oio DOhICLhd d/o'. iJT. a c1oso.•relative' of the two accused nercons. libro is 'be 'the cfct -that ::hat the 1.10 accused pc-roons 'in 'th.,. :coie.pctiy. of the dccased, callod at her home at
4 55 Kazi1c village, each c ryin a hcdbag, on their depauro at about !4/.LL, thy told her and her. husbc.Ld as th.y bcLc thom :arewoll that hey(accuseds) wore all proceeding to either Kanyezi or hambirokonya villages, escortinG c deceased where he had to look for fin er millet, boone or groimdnixts tobuy. They then intiiated •Lo her :c1. her husbd that they were then procoedia to Kcoiyezi village, whic.::is said to be more than a days vrn llh froi.i village. T)iey do 01i:•-.EcI to accept her offer for them to spend tho ni:ht at her h:i as it was then 1rbe houx of the day for them to oceod uith such a long jour;iuy Then there is the evidence of t :;2, one issisY.t nspoctor 10 CHJiRLIS .s/o KALIJLL.. His i to the e:1'fcct that in ta course of hunting for the 1st accused after the arrest of the 2nd accused he onc)/CP. 1A, proceeded oTheya. On 24J7j87 they found the let acoasod at Mwanjelwa area and unoi h:is arrest he took them to the home of one D;UDI where he had been acciodtod. There they found and seized - wo hor4bags of w.iick one was white and the other was dark blue in COlQUT ITith red • stripes on top, two -oockoto on the side, ed a zip th was oixt of order, The tnolicaidbags are emid to have be3n pointed by one )1UiI to be the property 1 3-0eed is• • of trio 1s accused, W..i-C; fac .trie/ aiO- to .aave also admin;ea. inside such dark blue Iruidba.' was found one old b1uis 1t1—c ~ reY , (doz1ia) trousor. Later 20 • on i'8jl57, such dark blue cU and the old bluish-roy (do:lis) trouser were identified bhe 13.3, one hIZiBTii D/0 IiT7Ci, wife of the deceased, together with other things mentioned above .i :x'iong •he things that the deceased took with .ini whoa he oft ihadc, on i2J187 for Sumbawazi'a on a business trip. The lot accused also mitc', in his defence, that such 4ark—b1uc he&bag was similar to the one the deceased was carrying whoa they travelled with him to Hazila village. In identifying : the deceased's things, particularly the dark b]\ uo handbag and the bluish- th't rey donglis trouser, the Pp.3 9 told tue cPurt/aPart from being. familiar with such thinj.s for a iOfl irae, s.c was able to identify the dark blue handbag because of its colour with red stripes on top, two pockets on the side with its zip having beei ut of order and that - ~ I io zip's pulling holder hod been detached and jiost at home. Ls for the trouser ,eke was able to point to the embroidery of czossos (x) on the back pocket, that as -the zip of the trouser was out of o'th.r nci the lower part of it at the jqint of the thighes had been torn by a bicycle., her hiusbind made ude of a big button :afl- got SOWfl the torn part with a white fibre taken from a fortilizoba. . ..11 such tiingrJ were clearly noticeable to this court . . • • . . .
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Upon summin: u- to the Thdy and 'cnt1omon ssosore on the evidence as a whole end the local principles involved, the thre cane out with a rniaiiraous. Opinion tht the two accuseds are the OiO13 who ::uled the deceased and did so with malice aforot1ouht. They came to- ch view after accepting the evidence for the prbsecution particuiar t at of the P.'I.2 1 Fh3 and P..4, as' a truthful account which sLo-iod at the two accuseds were the ones responsible for censin' the death c' th deceased and rejected - hu accusods' defence as a mere frame up. This court havia carefully examined and cons idured the evidence as adduced on both sides, accepts the advice of the lady end p m eT'1een 10 asesscrs without any reservations. Like the lady and enticmon assessors this court has boon Lihl1a impressed by the steadfastness, and stra'ihtforwardness of all. the prose- cution witnesses, pabicularly the 212, P'3 and Proc their manner and what they told this court, nothi can be onid of their ovi4ence but truth, Now acceptin as I do that the evidence of both the .1'.2, P..3 -- end P0.4, is a truthful account, it follows 1 tbat the combinol effct of the evidence of the P.:i,3 d is that, contrary to the acoused-s allegations, the eqrossed intention of thu 2nd accused all alo:, when 20 he loft lIpanda for Si'ebawan';a in the company of, the deceased uns to escort and show h±I t:. iillaes of either an'ezi, ian'ew or hniibweknya where the deceased could buy finyor" millet and beans, upen fai1in to et su'ax at- 5mhaenLa. That was the very int:tion tInt 1st accused expressed to the P..4 as they bade her and hoi iLusbc:sl 'farewell in the evenin of IJZ 6 There is no rood for suspuctin!; that in stat ia; as they have done such accedsexiroesod intention ,tho F'3 and hJ4 man h-va conspired to frame up the samoa Por the two livo miles apart and are in. fact unknown to each other. I th a rofore totally reject the :ôcuseds'unpressie claim that as they proceocLud to hazila vil1ae, the is aecuse'cl'Yin±e 3 at ion was to proceed to iThoya but Lot at Kazilct vi1i.o out of 'more transport conirenicnco and upon being atrctod to travel t-iiti, thu 2nd accused after meeting him at Chanji bus stand as they had not met for a lon( ~ time s So is the claim by the 2nd accused that his only i:etont ion whoa he- accompanied- the' deceased to SumbawanGa t1irouh Inziln vi11ae was to proceed to Ii'ombc.'villae, which is hislomd vil1ao. uch accused's claims are the more weahoned by their most conpi.ously concoctad defence of alibi. -s each pur'DQrts to point to his follow accused that he was the
r = 60 olle i-rho was last ii-. ho co:rny o' the ceased, 'ti-: treb:; demolish ch others clai1 of bin - not the last ih 1;hu company of the chccclsed. In the circunsraces I have no 1. esjtat in holc1in' th:-; each of the . bwo :lCOUSO(lS •IO.1 wit::. ho deceased up to the last ur wher. ho mci his death. Hero it nay be asked, if it was t exprss(--d i::hontion, of each of ±he a - cou s eds to escort the deceased to the various vii ;ec they , raontioi-ied to the as they bade her farewell, what could :v prompted them to abandon him at the last minute? Yet none of thorn,' though ti1a WaS OJO)OCtOd,0V3r su;osted afl3r for suc.. sudden chnco of their minds, ac::. aerc is the eviUDnce of Vic PTa2 'ii'iC1l I W1011y accept -that when arrested the 1st accused was found in possession of some of the decasod's bolon4n.--;s the dark blue iondba and a b1uir 1 1.ry dunliz trouser which woro.duly identified by his w±fe,tho. 'h3, before the police and before this court 0 That clearly ohows 'h t1e deceased must hav. been-. killed hy the accusods as they robbed him of his money which ho karl i: i-ho suii of shs.50,000/=, CS testified unon by the P1,3, That then, toether with the nature of the injuries suffered by the deceased as described above clearly proves that in csin' the death of the deceased the two accuseds did so with malice aforetkeu;:.t. Finally while t ore is no evidence to show that the two accuseds may have conspired to rob the deceased sometime earlier than )ko day they met, I cm oatisfied from the .ovickiaco of the F -i,4 t.at a least as from iCazila vi1lao the two ::ii formed a common intention of auxsuin 'the - deceased to the ud to .:ot him robbed, which: illtefltiOil they did execute. in the course of whcn GL107 killed nm, Under such circuna-Goncos cnd for e noove rUCOanFJ am entirely in areomont with the lady' and entlome:l assessors- and do find h,at'he two accused persons are the ones who caused the dcatb, of one Chh.L) - 1*h3dPTI LLZPh0 end did so with malice eforethour;ht, I take their defence no total concoction. It is asco'clin1y rejected. I do therefore find the two accusod persons guilty of the offence Chred mild convictS' than accOrdingly. Delivered in open court-at Sumiar'ian.a this 20th day of E3optçmbor .1990, in the presence of i.ir, duauru, learned 0tate ..ttoicbT and Er. 10 20 :... . .. '7 ~ -~ '/
-: - _jIlt)l -. LJ.d0' MU Kampekasa learned ckoTcnco counsel,
I I 61 = hr. Nduiuru: hohi:. r - ' . .. 1-j c . Under our 1a.y, -Lo offunco of nurdr of which tho ccueds have been ConviCted, and which is hc ravest off:rico the wordoV3r, h no o1hr pen1ty other he nndtory derth penalty. Under such circur.tanccs I senoncc ach of The two accused persons to suffer death 'oy 1nin. 1iLt of appeal explained. . :otee. 20/9/90 iiIKL1U M Sumbawrxi:.a. . JUDGE i.r Ndun;ru for 1epub1ic. - Tir, I npckasa for iccusods. - issess ors thanked and dischar • od e/7 jTJDL . 20/9/1990. • uJAM/KRI.