Abdalah Suba vs Republic (PC Criminal Appeal No 22 of 1990) [1990] TZHC 192 (14 September 1990)

IN TI:J IIG'.::: COURT OF T.ANZANIA (P.C.,) ·cr:.JJirn},, APPEJ.L NOo 22 OF' 1990 (lppea.l_ :f'roo :the. c1e9ision of -c·:.-)c..11 I':rir,1ary Court o:f-)Jukc.J'Jt.' j_n Jh-:i11iinal_ · Cas- 1fo·. 2G7/190 D:l.striot, 801.::,:t :Jukobn ·c:,:iminal Case l:o. 212/1990)"' 1..BD.AI.J:J.'I . SUDJ!.. • o o a o o '° o o o o o o (? • p o o o . o o o .. ) o o o o o I) ii ·o ~ o o o o o - o o o e o o o o o o l.J'PELIJ1.fr · · ( 0:ricina1 Lccusc d.) -\· Versus_ · . · ' . · n"7s1· ,ro,ffi"":t''rnl1 Trr::TI Ir.JPU::31,IC • ·a o o o c, o o n o o o o ·O o o •,, o o o a c o o o o ,o o •o. q·.o o b o o o o o a o o o o o o o o e o J.U!J V.l\ ~ ... : . . . :- · · . ·. . . ,. . . . . . . .{0;;:ic;"inal Proseci 1 .tor) ·' ··chr;e:i- Jssault oceassioninf; j6dily haxn c/s 241 .of ti,.e 'Pene.l Code C2.p. 16. !2GM.TilNT r: KlTITI...J-l. .... . . Dt,:.rin(..;'. the ·1,endency of C:-. 0 imin2 1 l Proce-edines '.!jetweei1 -the 2.ppcllcnt. and tl.:.G .. coD1,l2 i11o.nt 1 s chiJ.cb'.'011; t;.w :Bukobn Ur1nm J?rimaI:,- Cov.:;:-t dcciced .to -isi t th9 ~ scene ct" .Eiem1Je:;:ii, il1 JL1<:ob8,. Tm-mship on the 24/7/1990 st c.1JOt'.'..t f.45 :;_)effio --t' or 2,-:)out t:.w GC0:1E3' tho .. r~:.-niollnnt· u6.s :;;ointinc-; out 8. 00:dain so 1,o;i.ntocl out o nnd hence ?vFo3 Ex,.11i1,it "1. 11 s:.:·.01rii.13,_ 11 Bruiso oiq.-tJio i'il2i-: .. J,.i,i,:o Tho coti:;"'t intcrruritocl-its ni'ssioi.1; vJCnt 1Jo:c~~ 9 .chi:"irCCd:-2.n,1 convi6toc1.. tb;:; c::;:,_)ol1t with: contom~)t o:f:·OotD:t., enc" ·soiyto:;:2coc1 hin~ to C1 fine of tho })I'Osioa of ~~ction "().U.lCJ). __ 9.f;,..;tho-P-1:pD.:.';'l ShsoSObO/=,. j)I'Obblj 1.l.11QO:i:' Cou:.:-ts -C:c 0 i::1ir,k..i Pcococluro ~ ..... - -·-·· ':"' -·-·-. f£9£. Tho co1:11)lnii12.11t; :10110-vor he.cl tho. .:,,p2-:,ollcmt c112::rccc'l. -:for nssnul til';I.C. h:i;:l .. • . •, _·. . . • . • • , . ,., : . • I . . • c/s 241 9f_ .t:w O[}J.,'-Ood.o .C.t,:,-,- 16 1 ;Jo_:foro .thti sam9 Ur;J8.rr·Pf'ir:1w:r';f Couit, 1110:1 col1v.i.ctocl_ tb- C: 0 J;)Q"l],11t. O.G o:.lC".J'.'Co·-c10 :_ .Tho trial pc)i.sfrdo ·thoronftor, j_-tcn:::,cF of so1toci1c tho. C.j_)Cllc,r:.t; :·oo;:1i ttod _·tho .n1r0ll-11t 'to_.:t'..a···j)·it:-i\ cid;, . ...... :•j' ,·· .. ·.- ·•• . . . for sdi1to1icinc; =-thusi.:. , .. · . nKw-c:.. -r1uji:JU iTO.. f'l,i.:1cL, fnsihi ye 3 POCCFC lrI III '·MCl~ N_o·. 2/04 . nshtc)d;-rr, clccc r.icl12.:us1.;_ :l\2_--t0-I'oho 30/7/90~ Jnlacl~ . li].J.Olokwo mc:J.02.:c,;J.o. ye. Hi10,ye,) kwc. c,jih ye, 2.c1!1.t:1 1 )'L,o ti l:.nc1 whon t.J:-.o r,co_rc: rnc.: tl:i.o c-:'i:,,oJ_lcnt,, fol-I'"-.into t_ho· J'LU'isc1ltiono.l hc.nds- of tho ~~stI'ict' Qqurt, whio]:- hbc:cd tho qp:;_).ollo.nt· 1 s mitic;o.tion; fac.t thov ... . . ., . snic1 c,:..01111~ ,ms c-; vict:l;.1 of tilco:rs _cmc1. by,o:rtonsion, c.'.11(1. wc,s o.. broo.cl .: .. :- and a. first offender, . winno:r of· r. f'c.r.1ily of fiftoot1,j 1Y:oco_odocl to sontonoo _hi!:1 cs foll01rns- ,- . Sontonco&- Tho ccmi_oo cl, who nsi,r-:μl tod fa:,ssoin I/.c.j 2)Ju in }4o p:rosonoo of tho lower cou1't, is sontcincoc: t<,. ·.·•~ ; .. 1 D i:J.ont ir.~~is omnbh \ n., ~ . ·. 1: . S.c;cl. Po D,., IIT., · 301ff§o

r 2 .. Tlio r.)::;,ollc.nt is ,):i:)02-linr: c.cninst so;1b:1co c-.nc1.. ho j_o 1·0:c:r.:-osontod 1)y r,IJ:. Rwoyonc1t,u. Er. ::-:_,royo,r,[m dtcckocl tho sontoncinc nc-.cist::-do so:c 0 iously, first? th2-t tho r::o;.1'tm1c:'.:1- n2ciotr2to icno,:,ocl, o:.' c1id net td:o ir:to con- sic:orction tho_ ni ti:;ct:;_:y: circui:1Stcncos ~ irhich, >.c mlxJi ttoc1? FOl~:1.rl ;_1~".VO locl hi::1 to if.r;_1oso c. loo so::: sonto:1co, if ho hr.,c1.. tc-:on the sl',·.10 into cc-nsido- I'e:tion. Mr. Itwo:ror.12.T,·,1. 1 fron 2.not::or stro.tocic encl vc.ntc..c;o frc:,:t, o.-.t'o.ckod 'tho sontoncii1-e r.1cc:;:'cst.': to for fnilinc; to cnsiclo::· the frc-f s1.i:;:,J:-01.-,_:,1.c1inc; tho co,so, in ::)c:.r:;iculc.:r t\d tl,c con:,:;J.::i,n,-,i:1-t 1,x·ovokocl tho ovonts, t:,t :i.xl to t:10 hn:,:iponins of t:·.o offo:100. Ee c:c:.c1..od, tllc:t t:::,, oontoncinc r:.1cc;1:Jt:c 0 2.to oz:ro- nooudy C'.lso 9 sooD.s to lic,vo :;;1.mishocl tho t.::)Oil?,1t tho~ 1-my ho c1it1, not for tho r7~vity of tl:c o:.c:, 0 ,::;oc. o:ffcitioo; mt :fo, tJL ccntoo:;)t of ·oot11.'t, fo1.~ which t ho •y,ollc-",t 1,, c7 ,.,_7 ... n-•c'!c-- ,)r,0•1 .. ">'1111° ,-,"-·,od 1.'11' - -,li'f·I"'""'rO'."t ,c'.•c-oo 1to,r•()t',---.r ..__.;_ __ , • J.. -1, L._,.VC. . . 'CJ , V J.. _ _ ;,.''-' i-.)"-- . _., .. - t. -- V •. .1. • 1,..0 L-~ .'"'J --V e H •: • ,.,,, tonc:od on the otL.o:;~ }-c,_:;.1.cT. thct,:t;O sontq1co wc.s i1ot o:::cossivo 2s -re i:rc:u'Tr,nt into1fo:ronco. It - is to \o roi tor1°2tod for mc;,oclionoo, n.s otho:ruiso it :(o -,cloc:v: 9 :, tho c):,or,l is 2.r;0,ia,.t s.:mtonco, thu c011tontio;.1, Jc.sic in c,11 jwliQinl c1r:19,n:-:- ·'-1.~~ . .-.'. sions Joinc: thr.t l1c.,1... t.,.o so1toncir1:. ncr;ist:c·:·to, consic102:cd tLc, fc,cts of tho 02,so with n juc1ic;:;r,l ::J0:;.. 0 s:voctivo, he voulc'l not L:·,v0 inposod t: .. ~ sonto:100 ho cliclo I chc,11 honco dolvo in;- to this ric.ttur., Tho sontonci11c ::,ccistc:to roco- ivod the j:0co:rc fo:;:- GO:'cto:1cinc, u=.,on tho tr:Lcl n::.c;iotrc1to :,U:i"'::10:.·t:G.-2:; to apply the :TI'ovisio:1 of soctfo::. (3) cf tho· Pridb.:-~ Co1.i:,:,t Jrir::inc,l I-i-'Ococ7..1.:s. 0 0 Code. Jut 1 ui th ros:.,cct Sl'.C~,. c. sto::;i, thou::,h c.llouoc1 ;3· J.2.w 9 r:iust ,Jo :;_:l:'ocodocl l)y tho o_f such. 2,001.1.so.Q. ,i'O:..'so:1:.,. o:;.' es to tl:::::: ch 0 cunstc.nco2.., o:r ,,rovcJ.0:100 q_f__ offbnco.,, __ c1c1 ,it io, c:? o;_,inion. t>d :tJ-:1S),::qo SL1.ch. t].1,"ti yoctu::,." . :.1w::,.1ic•:.::"J2,1- . s12oulcl. 00 :i.npooou for t:.o of:?onoo 11::-.nn t'10 cowt i,_;:::s -,oF:::i:i: to - In ~tis dt"irro", t'-wl'o UM 1.0 :il!f'oJ."tlr.':L1on '"s to cl1.c 1 .1_,c bw.!.', fu· c.n Lcco.d.:J.r'vu m tho nccusoc1 OX' l)l'OVCll0100 c:f t):0· offonc_o, c,s to 110oossitc.to tho i1:1::,ositioi1-pf n :bunisbnont (;'.Pode:..·, t12.n th0, t:d2l ocm·t :: .. 2:J :;"'OlTOc: to iD:')QSO $ GC'.;_)lt ">1 -ho n_c, 0 istrnto. _ It i:::: · ::-c ·vio1r,. tllc-t c, juc1icinl ni1,cl nu.st ,Jo · i:'.:):,'.liocl c.s t:.10 .lnw 1 0•· ,.,. a.,..· tl ..,t <C<•- . .l.c, t: 1 t l n,-· ~ .. tt·,.-- r, t:· ,. r,,, f -, C. ,.lc,11 '-"-', -1<-, '--"' __ >QC ln., -·-'·'. C.O, .. c".lC. l°Ol,11 ln:-, .L-., C,...,u O.1. m1.st h,,vo :)obn :.. 0 cc:liGOC'.. ,nc1. l)OiJ.tocl f}J. ·,;t:.i::J L'.ii:,lios t2 C'is oqunlly c.s to t:.10 DiGt:rict Coud rocoi'lrinc tho SC.DO• c;i.-oc.,to::: :_,1_1:1islmont 9 . ,/. ' ca.so fvl. sovoror · no:1to:·1co 9 1•rhic:1 tLc tric:J. cbts:t · >c.2.c1 no -l"Jovoi· tc iI:)oso, ,-ms i1o_t ,,uilt ''"'( 1 if l 1" 0 r:,,-,c"c w11i,·is 1 1r•c 1 nc,t 1 )00' 1 t',c c-·1°'-loc«:• cl.-,"~m l1''1't'16r .:··,-- .: ~ . .-J.J. - :.J.--.J..L:,.J.. .. U •. .,__.,. J..L,<. ... .;. ..... --V .. , ,;.JO .'.:..l.--ll ,..., V J. woulc:, the Dist1"iot 00ti:.'t ,hm--c rnco::,toc"'. it; \i-l1oi1 soht. . . - . ··l . . .. . ~ _ ... ·. . ', ,- llOWOVOJ..', it stc,:'lds dofyin,::; ::-:ti ·cml.trovo:csy, · th2.t ±Lo clicl not withstcl11h;tC, s-q:7,tonco t'..10 r.::;x)olL::'.lt to o:'ce;htoo:.1 nont:•.s L,;,:r:Lsonnont, without o:;;ition of r f::.no, 2.11 o:;,.,ticn o:don,:oc1 to tLiJ c.:;:ii,oll::-11t_ i:--_ ·Lo co_ntoni)t onnnntoc:1. this cc,so. :2woyo,:1c.,:m, hao o.:bc:?,\0c: t>.o District Cou:r_t first for icno:;,. 0 i11- t:c r,i ticv.tinc fc-,ctors - su.ol1 c:s t: .-.::. cj:)ollc.nt I s :;)9or hoc.l t:1, thd ho b:::c1.. c1o:;)o::c:cmts, his

... oid c.c;o, c.,.1(1. ti10 fr,.,ct tb.ct 1.,,0, t~:.Q c.ppcllcnt 1t6.s first offonc1.cr. M:-c .•.. ' R1ro;r6r.1c:1:'rl'-•;c!o'r.rt·o1c.Oc1. :±1:-J;,_ i1 t:Io ·-District. duit· l11c1 .. :oni1c:·o·d th~~~ r.1i ti..J ' . - c2,tinc oircv.r.,stet.nccsj he wot1.lc1.. '.,.c:vo inposc'<.1 lesser in 1 ,:;:o:i.son1:1cnt sontc;1co, 01· oven e,ivon t},c option of fino. I Dv..st s1.i." 1 Jni t, uitll :os:.1oct, with hu11i1i ty )cfi tt:i.:1c tho occc.sion, c.nothor, t:10 SCDC is boc.nt to o:::o:Lto or provolr...o .1:lnionco ii1 fc.,vou:r of t:.:.o ccouscc1. Fo1· instc.nco, fi:;7:::;t, :JOO'.i.' hoITl th, 11hich tl:.o ,~~::-o ll".nii ::.r.s, ii::i n f2ctor to :)o co:n .. s:i:c}oroc1, u1°.o:.1 co:tchnc wlthor 01· net, c, c1.'..stccic.J. soi1tc:100 in 1Jcfittinc; Ct',O_os, · is dosirc-.;.o - i.-;io RX VS. rIOPWI (1942J_IJ.!.j.,,C) .•. '·.i4.10, 11 011 nccount of ··:xLs otcd;d of hod t:.'. n:.•ison sontoi1cc wc.s"y..i1dorit:rt,1Jlc~ , Soconc1, ·· hC:Vli1.C G.Oi)Cl1da.nto coulc'. nc: (LOOS connti tuto c., spocici CD.'C1.'.:sto.11co fer:· li;.-tl,.-, S S ·.-; ,,.., 'JJI -r:>Tnm /. no:- ·,, ( 1 "60 \ :-I' C D lTO 7.r;:; t .:t.,; l . once - -9-- .. '::t:-'.J ', JJ.::;f:··:-. v;:;._ ::•. ___ .;.,_ .7.; :.., • • 1 , o ...d-..- sen once wns l"Ou.1,1coa. ::..ncl thil•<'L,' t):co i]i)Oll,nt uc.s c. f:;·=-'St offonc1cr? 2,11(1 it is :in .r;onorc.l, jv.clici.;., clly td;:011, t>.:::-.t iD:Jrisonr..10nt G:co·":.:i.c1_ not :Jo ir:1posod 011 fii,zt off'ondcr except whoro tl,c offonco is pc.rtic1.1l,1:l.C;:efvo. 9 or is wic1ospi 0 cc.d ·in tho c,ron. ;:;'.;ncl in·HJ.TTLN __ Yf.l..:.;:lJ.1269) Il.Ce_:P.'.'...ZT,.•-.J-~ 9 . tho tho~ chief J~-ticc ·11id Jrhc1v.o;, n first cffo:,}101' is conco1°11~~ -;:,o. or.11:>lins'is should· C?li_tzs __ };9,_q1:i:..:tho rofo;;.'DO.r t:a.vc ,cspoct of_j)unisb·:1,_0nt..9 __ n1loss iho offence it; one. of __ st!EJ~,s01·iou.s i1,nE°-.1., thd r.,n oxc;:1:Jlnr;y purifah·wnt :i.s· :i.'oquiroc1. 9 or 1.mloss' t;::.o offence is so wic1.o.;... -~ . . So thc.t, tlmt • • I , tho fnctors co11siclc1·ocl in t:.:,o cc.sos n.bovo 9 c.ro foct01's tc p.Tovoko,_l;i.n}.onc;:,r, .. , ... : enc:. oven clcp:dc['.to custoclic.l ::7,:c1isimont, whore in i12.1•-ticul2e, tho . c.c-ouso.c1 j_s n. first of':fc:1clcr, nrc not usclss voices f'l•o;:1 tho wilclo1·11oss. It follm-rn i;,1 DY viow, t;:.c;,t if tho sontonci11c no.cistrc.to hc,c1 c.utully c-.nc". judicio.lly :;)1.1.t -e10 SC.L,O int,c cnnsic1crr.-.tion, l:o uc,·Li_lc: ic-.vo lJnssocl c noro. linont sentence tl.:..'.111 he c1ic1. It follows tl1c-.t il: sc ff'.:i..' a.s such fc.ctors were co:;,1co:rnod, no jv::i.cial disc1•otion ucs invested ,):'" t::.o so:1tc11cinc; nc.,cistrc.tc in tho sontoncinc i,roooso, nnc: l1..-:cl he so r1ono 9 ho woulc: c-:.iviously hr.VO · · cor:io t0 cl.iffo:::.·o.1t 1mi1is!,nc:;.1t, if o.ny, c.s t >.is• wc:.s not tl:o ccso :for cxoo1)lo.ry pt.mis:JI.101,, t no:..· oho ck troc.tL!0:1t. Eowovo1·, the sontoncj_11c nc:cistr::to, 2.0 c1.Jovo .c.01:1011st::i:'2.tcc: JY t.,o sontonco oxcoJ:'1_1t, ucs OJ:ci tocl -- ·.to inposo tl.•.:::i sontonco ;_o die: '.Jocc.usp, • tho .. , .IJ.i.1.t ui tl:. ,:,aspect, tho np21cll2.nt hci'. o.lroc.c1y '.jOC:-l ::_)l:l:.ishccl fo:; this. in, t::.o co1to;~~~)t of c01.i.::t c1•inil1c.l c.::so, · 7ic1o· which l:.o uo..s fined Shs. 9, ooo/ =, c sovo1°0 sentence, 0011- sic"!.c:d1:c t'..:,::-:, t it is Jordo1·ir1;·: t'. .. .o rn:i.xim1D fine pnssc)].O ~;r t: ... o I'J: ino.:r:" Co1.-1-:i:'t, Seo Section (2) of tho J::d::10.=.::·=· Cou::.:t Crir.iinnl :r>rococlurc Coc"'.o. So t}:.c,t, to

• ------- -·- . . · tho tn.ko tho co11ton1,t of cow.ot offo;1c into c.cc0u11t c.e:;nin, in/nontoncinc proooss, which ho tbc nc:c:istrdo vi....:rt1..:.ell~ .. cli_r1 9 is to throw the o.:;;ipclltmt into c1ou"blo joopc..rc1r. Fe wouJ.c1. l'lr.vc 2:;:i::J::;.•ocic.tod., if the Court took into ccnsic:o:-c-ction tho c:rc.:ri t;7 cf the n.ssnul t, if c·,;-,.;;·, e:nc7. in cny Cc',so, t::rt :.o cl:i.c! not 1 sto1-r.:i there wc.s no oloncnt of c.,:;cj)cv:-i.t::.01 ct ell.

4 Lll in ell thoroforc, t>.0 soni;onco iD.j_Josoc7.. wc::,s :1ct :x:·,soc1 'on .nny "'0'1to·1c•,,,,, -J· 0 1··101·-,10 1 -"oT-"' tc J · ,.:;.1;~ 1·" tho "'onto· 01··1- 0 1 ·1..,•·,..,.-t-, 0 ·"t"'·11,..;c 1 ..., 1 .:. J.,.•:..., l-L J. .LI .l..,Li ""1 ) .QU ,, ... , • .u I ... . . . D -" : .. , , .• .c.:.__,-• .. .o - (.., u _ <... ~ nontoncinc; ;1:1:inoi:'ll)G il1 t:1incl 5

.o uoulc"'. l.:.2,vc ir.1IJosoc1. ,. c1iffo:::ont sontonco. Consido:rilC t:.o oi tiu.:tin.s fc·cfo::; 0 s 7 c11cl -tb.o f,:ct tl:.c.t t>o c;J;)Ollc:nt J.r,s ncm so;:voc7.. sontonco fq:e t1w I1011tf,s, · t;) :eost cf tho. sonto:100 of iu:):;:-isonont is ' i1o;C~).,." "t ,,...· ., . .., ;, i .. 0"'0 1 -:: ..... to-"c1'"' .. fino.·o·"' S'- 5 000 1· .. ..., sb: ncnt:.:.s ~ Su ."1,.:,J.l,0 9 , c..ll,, _ L!:;) ,; ( J.,.c,, i:,.,; ·..,..o ,, - . .L ""• , '/·""' v.,, i'.:1)·.1.•isonrJOdo T!:.o O.]!.Jollcnt -tc/ :,f'.:.· Shs.2:5001/=, ns CDl)Ol1Se,tioi1 tc tho co:·.1- . plnincmt;. Tho c:p_,O:il · .. is., clloJToc1 t0 tho oxtont shcw;.1. Tulivo:t?od this 24t!. E., W. K.i"~TITI .JJL:12.Q.D.J. I