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Case Law[2017] ZWCC 7Zimbabwe

Tom Beattie Farms (Pvt) Ltd & Anor v Mugova & Anor (CCZ 7 of 2017; Civil Application 32 of 2009) [2017] ZWCC 7 (16 March 2017)

Constitutional Court of Zimbabwe
16 March 2017
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AI Summary

**Summary: Tom Beattie Farms (Pvt) Ltd & Anor v Mugova & Anor** **Area of Law:** Constitutional law and criminal procedure in Zimbabwe; constitutional rights protection and legislative consistency. **Parties:** Applicants: Tom Beattie Farms (Pvt) Ltd and Thomas Irving Beattie; Respondents: Ignatius Mugova and the Attorney-General of Zimbabwe. **Court:** Constitutional Court of Zimbabwe; decided 16 March 2017 (following hearings in March and March 31, 2009). **Key Facts and Issues:** The applicants challenged their criminal prosecution under sections 277(3) and 277(5) of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act and sections 3(2) and 3(3) of the Gazetted Lands (Consequential Provisions) Act. The applicants also contended that a magistrate's refusal to refer a constitutional question to the Supreme Court breached their constitutional rights, and that a workshop held in Chegutu on 6 February 2009 violated their protections. **Legal Questions:** - Whether the magistrate's refusal to refer the constitutional issue constituted a breach of protection of law under section 18(1) of the Constitution; - Whether the applicable statutory provisions were consistent with constitutional protections; - Whether the workshop proceedings violated constitutional rights under section 18(2). **Holding:** The court declared that the magistrate's refusal to refer the constitutional issue was wrongful and breached section 18(1) protections. However, the relevant legislative provisions were found constitutionally consistent. The workshop proceedings did not violate section 18(2) protections. The prosecution remained lawful. **Remedy:** The court issued declaratory relief on the constitutional issues but imposed no costs order. Notably, the Chief Justice noted that identical issues had been addressed in *Commercial Farmers Union v Minister of Lands* (SC 31/10, 2010), and those reasons applied equally, rendering separate detailed reasoning unnecessary for this judgment.

Judgment

2 CCZ 7/17 REPORTABLE (3) Judgment No. CCZ 7/17 Civil. Application No. 32/09 (1) TOM BEATTIE FARMS (PRIVATE) LIMITED a.k.a. CHIGWELL ESTATE (2) THOMAS IRVING BEATTIE v (1) IGNATIUS MUGOVA (2) ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF ZIMBABWE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF ZIMBABWE CHIDYAUSIKU CJ, MALABA DCJ, CHEDA JA, ZIYAMBI JA & GARWE JA HARARE, MARCH 19 & 31, 2009 JUDGMENT RELEASED ON MARCH 16, 2017 L Uriri, with him T Mpofu, for the applicants P Machaya, for the respondents CHIDYAUSIKU CJ: On 31 March 2009 this Court issued the following order in this matter: "IT IS DECLARED THAT: (1) The refusal to refer the constitutional issue in the magistrate's court in the matter of The State v Tom Beattie (Pvt) Ltd and Thomas Irving Beattie to the Supreme Court for determination was wrongful and was consequently a breach of the applicants’ right to protection of law under section 18(1) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. (2) Section 277(3), as read with section 277(5), of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] is consistent with section 18(1), as read with section 18(13)(b), of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. (3) Sections 3(2) and 3(3) of the Gazetted Lands (Consequential Provisions) Act [Chapter 20:08] are consistent with section 18(1) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. Consequently the prosecution of the applicants under section 277(3), as read with section 277(5), of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] and sections 3(2) and 3(3) of the Gazetted Lands (Consequential Provisions) Act [Chapter 20:08] is lawful. (4) The Workshop held at Chegutu on 6 February 2009 and its deliberations did not violate the applicants’ rights protected in terms of section 18(2) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. (5) There will be no order as to costs." We indicated that the reasons for the order would follow. On 26 November 2010 in the matter of Commercial Farmers Union and Nine Ors v The Minister of Lands and Rural Resettlement and Six Ors this Court issued judgment No. SC 31/10. In that judgment this Court dealt with issues that are identical to those that arise in the present case. The reasons for judgment in the Commercial Farmers Union case supra apply to the present case with equal force. There is no need to issue a separate judgment in this case. MALABA DCJ: I agree CHEDA JA: (Rtrd) ZIYAMBI JA: I agree GARWE JA: I agree Gollop & Blank, applicants' legal practitioners Civil Division of the Attorney-General's Office, respondents' legal practitioners 2 CCZ 7/17 2 CCZ 7/17 2 REPORTABLE (3) Judgment No. CCZ 7/17 Civil. Application No. 32/09 (1) TOM BEATTIE FARMS (PRIVATE) LIMITED a.k.a. CHIGWELL ESTATE (2) THOMAS IRVING BEATTIE v (1) IGNATIUS MUGOVA (2) ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF ZIMBABWE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF ZIMBABWE CHIDYAUSIKU CJ, MALABA DCJ, CHEDA JA, ZIYAMBI JA & GARWE JA HARARE, MARCH 19 & 31, 2009 JUDGMENT RELEASED ON MARCH 16, 2017 L Uriri, with him T Mpofu, for the applicants P Machaya, for the respondents CHIDYAUSIKU CJ: On 31 March 2009 this Court issued the following order in this matter: "IT IS DECLARED THAT: (1) The refusal to refer the constitutional issue in the magistrate's court in the matter of The State v Tom Beattie (Pvt) Ltd and Thomas Irving Beattie to the Supreme Court for determination was wrongful and was consequently a breach of the applicants’ right to protection of law under section 18(1) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. (2) Section 277(3), as read with section 277(5), of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] is consistent with section 18(1), as read with section 18(13)(b), of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. (3) Sections 3(2) and 3(3) of the Gazetted Lands (Consequential Provisions) Act [Chapter 20:08] are consistent with section 18(1) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. Consequently the prosecution of the applicants under section 277(3), as read with section 277(5), of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act [Chapter 9:23] and sections 3(2) and 3(3) of the Gazetted Lands (Consequential Provisions) Act [Chapter 20:08] is lawful. (4) The Workshop held at Chegutu on 6 February 2009 and its deliberations did not violate the applicants’ rights protected in terms of section 18(2) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe. (5) There will be no order as to costs." We indicated that the reasons for the order would follow. On 26 November 2010 in the matter of Commercial Farmers Union and Nine Ors v The Minister of Lands and Rural Resettlement and Six Ors this Court issued judgment No. SC 31/10. In that judgment this Court dealt with issues that are identical to those that arise in the present case. The reasons for judgment in the Commercial Farmers Union case supra apply to the present case with equal force. There is no need to issue a separate judgment in this case. MALABA DCJ: I agree CHEDA JA: (Rtrd) ZIYAMBI JA: I agree GARWE JA: I agree Gollop & Blank, applicants' legal practitioners Civil Division of the Attorney-General's Office, respondents' legal practitioners

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